Nominal and Effective Rates of Protection by Industry in Pakistan: A Tariff Based Analysis

The study calculates nominal and effective rates of protection and their association with major characteristics of industries—labour intensity, export orientation and revealed comparative advantage. The results indicate that nominal as well as effective rate of protection has declined between two b...

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Main Authors: Nadeem Ul Haque, Rizwana Siddiqui
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: National University of Sciences and Technology 2021-01-01
Series:NUST Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities
Subjects:
Online Access:https://njssh.nust.edu.pk/index.php/njssh/article/view/15
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author Nadeem Ul Haque
Rizwana Siddiqui
author_facet Nadeem Ul Haque
Rizwana Siddiqui
author_sort Nadeem Ul Haque
collection DOAJ
description The study calculates nominal and effective rates of protection and their association with major characteristics of industries—labour intensity, export orientation and revealed comparative advantage. The results indicate that nominal as well as effective rate of protection has declined between two benchmark years—1990 and 2002, but vegetable oil, motor vehicles, and a sector producing intermediate good ‘other manufacturing’ remains highly protected. Overall results reveal that manufacturing import competing sectors enjoy higher protection through trade policy—tariff while negative effective rate of protection for majority of agriculture and services sectors show their disadvantage position in the economy. The results clearly indicate government priority for manufacturing sector over agriculture and services sectors. The results also reveal that effective rate of protection is negatively associated with industrial characteristics such as labour intensity, export orientation, and revealed comparative advantage indicating that a sector needs less protection if it has comparative advantage—labour intensive and produce exportable commodity. The results of the study also indicate that trade policy in Pakistan shifts trade in favours of trade in intermediate inputs in 2002 from trade in final goods in 1990. There is a need to restructure tariff structure to remove bias against agriculture and services sectors. Agriculture where majority of unskilled labour engaged ask immediate action from government to improve the condition of poor.
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institution DOAJ
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publisher National University of Sciences and Technology
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series NUST Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities
spelling doaj-art-282c34a211214629905abdac688201ec2025-08-20T03:20:39ZengNational University of Sciences and TechnologyNUST Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities2520-503X2523-00262021-01-0131Nominal and Effective Rates of Protection by Industry in Pakistan: A Tariff Based AnalysisNadeem Ul Haque0Rizwana Siddiqui1Vice Chancellor at the Pakistan Institute of Development EconomicsResearch Economist at the Pakistan Institute of Development Economics. The study calculates nominal and effective rates of protection and their association with major characteristics of industries—labour intensity, export orientation and revealed comparative advantage. The results indicate that nominal as well as effective rate of protection has declined between two benchmark years—1990 and 2002, but vegetable oil, motor vehicles, and a sector producing intermediate good ‘other manufacturing’ remains highly protected. Overall results reveal that manufacturing import competing sectors enjoy higher protection through trade policy—tariff while negative effective rate of protection for majority of agriculture and services sectors show their disadvantage position in the economy. The results clearly indicate government priority for manufacturing sector over agriculture and services sectors. The results also reveal that effective rate of protection is negatively associated with industrial characteristics such as labour intensity, export orientation, and revealed comparative advantage indicating that a sector needs less protection if it has comparative advantage—labour intensive and produce exportable commodity. The results of the study also indicate that trade policy in Pakistan shifts trade in favours of trade in intermediate inputs in 2002 from trade in final goods in 1990. There is a need to restructure tariff structure to remove bias against agriculture and services sectors. Agriculture where majority of unskilled labour engaged ask immediate action from government to improve the condition of poor. https://njssh.nust.edu.pk/index.php/njssh/article/view/15ProtectionTrade Policy
spellingShingle Nadeem Ul Haque
Rizwana Siddiqui
Nominal and Effective Rates of Protection by Industry in Pakistan: A Tariff Based Analysis
NUST Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities
Protection
Trade Policy
title Nominal and Effective Rates of Protection by Industry in Pakistan: A Tariff Based Analysis
title_full Nominal and Effective Rates of Protection by Industry in Pakistan: A Tariff Based Analysis
title_fullStr Nominal and Effective Rates of Protection by Industry in Pakistan: A Tariff Based Analysis
title_full_unstemmed Nominal and Effective Rates of Protection by Industry in Pakistan: A Tariff Based Analysis
title_short Nominal and Effective Rates of Protection by Industry in Pakistan: A Tariff Based Analysis
title_sort nominal and effective rates of protection by industry in pakistan a tariff based analysis
topic Protection
Trade Policy
url https://njssh.nust.edu.pk/index.php/njssh/article/view/15
work_keys_str_mv AT nadeemulhaque nominalandeffectiveratesofprotectionbyindustryinpakistanatariffbasedanalysis
AT rizwanasiddiqui nominalandeffectiveratesofprotectionbyindustryinpakistanatariffbasedanalysis