Baicalin Modulates Glycolysis via the PKC/Raf/MEK/ERK and PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathways to Attenuate IFN-I-Induced Neutrophil NETosis

Type I interferon (IFN-I), a pivotal component of the host’s innate antiviral immune system, can induce the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and facilitate inflammatory responses. Baicalin exhibits a range of pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory and immunomodulat...

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Main Authors: Hong Wei, Dongni Xia, Li Li, Linpan Liang, Lijun Ning, Cuiliu Gan, Ying Wu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2025-01-01
Series:Mediators of Inflammation
Online Access:http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/mi/8822728
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author Hong Wei
Dongni Xia
Li Li
Linpan Liang
Lijun Ning
Cuiliu Gan
Ying Wu
author_facet Hong Wei
Dongni Xia
Li Li
Linpan Liang
Lijun Ning
Cuiliu Gan
Ying Wu
author_sort Hong Wei
collection DOAJ
description Type I interferon (IFN-I), a pivotal component of the host’s innate antiviral immune system, can induce the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and facilitate inflammatory responses. Baicalin exhibits a range of pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. It has been reported that neutrophil glycolysis plays a pivotal role in the formation of NETs and the regulation of inflammatory response in immune modulation, regulated by IFN-I. However, it remains unclear whether baicalin regulates IFN-I-induced NETs formation through glycolysis. In this study, we induced the formation of NETs in vitro using IFN-I and observed that baicalin significantly reduced the formation of IFN-I-induced NETs. Furthermore, baicalin inhibited the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, specifically interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), as well as the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and chemotactic responses. Our findings further indicated that baicalin could inhibit both lactic acid and ATP levels in IFN-I-induced neutrophils, as well as the expression of glycolytic-related proteins, including HK2, HK3, PKM2, and LDHA. Moreover, following the administration of glycolytic agonists insulin, it was observed that heightened glycolytic activity significantly augmented NETs formation and the release of inflammatory cytokines, potentially regulated by PKC/Raf/MEK/ERK and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways. In conclusion, our findings indicated that baicalin may exert inhibitory effects on IFN-I-induced NETs formation and inflammatory cytokine production by modulating glycolysis, thereby providing further evidence for the potential clinical application of baicalin in the treatment of IFN-I-related inflammatory diseases.
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spelling doaj-art-282ba7e674be4d208fcd862483e9c4e62025-08-20T03:14:24ZengWileyMediators of Inflammation1466-18612025-01-01202510.1155/mi/8822728Baicalin Modulates Glycolysis via the PKC/Raf/MEK/ERK and PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathways to Attenuate IFN-I-Induced Neutrophil NETosisHong Wei0Dongni Xia1Li Li2Linpan Liang3Lijun Ning4Cuiliu Gan5Ying Wu6Liuzhou Key laboratory of Infection Disease and ImmunologyLiuzhou Key laboratory of Infection Disease and ImmunologyLiuzhou Key laboratory of Infection Disease and ImmunologyLiuzhou Key laboratory of Infection Disease and ImmunologyLiuzhou Key laboratory of Infection Disease and ImmunologyLiuzhou Key laboratory of Infection Disease and ImmunologyLiuzhou Key laboratory of Infection Disease and ImmunologyType I interferon (IFN-I), a pivotal component of the host’s innate antiviral immune system, can induce the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and facilitate inflammatory responses. Baicalin exhibits a range of pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. It has been reported that neutrophil glycolysis plays a pivotal role in the formation of NETs and the regulation of inflammatory response in immune modulation, regulated by IFN-I. However, it remains unclear whether baicalin regulates IFN-I-induced NETs formation through glycolysis. In this study, we induced the formation of NETs in vitro using IFN-I and observed that baicalin significantly reduced the formation of IFN-I-induced NETs. Furthermore, baicalin inhibited the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, specifically interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), as well as the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and chemotactic responses. Our findings further indicated that baicalin could inhibit both lactic acid and ATP levels in IFN-I-induced neutrophils, as well as the expression of glycolytic-related proteins, including HK2, HK3, PKM2, and LDHA. Moreover, following the administration of glycolytic agonists insulin, it was observed that heightened glycolytic activity significantly augmented NETs formation and the release of inflammatory cytokines, potentially regulated by PKC/Raf/MEK/ERK and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways. In conclusion, our findings indicated that baicalin may exert inhibitory effects on IFN-I-induced NETs formation and inflammatory cytokine production by modulating glycolysis, thereby providing further evidence for the potential clinical application of baicalin in the treatment of IFN-I-related inflammatory diseases.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/mi/8822728
spellingShingle Hong Wei
Dongni Xia
Li Li
Linpan Liang
Lijun Ning
Cuiliu Gan
Ying Wu
Baicalin Modulates Glycolysis via the PKC/Raf/MEK/ERK and PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathways to Attenuate IFN-I-Induced Neutrophil NETosis
Mediators of Inflammation
title Baicalin Modulates Glycolysis via the PKC/Raf/MEK/ERK and PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathways to Attenuate IFN-I-Induced Neutrophil NETosis
title_full Baicalin Modulates Glycolysis via the PKC/Raf/MEK/ERK and PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathways to Attenuate IFN-I-Induced Neutrophil NETosis
title_fullStr Baicalin Modulates Glycolysis via the PKC/Raf/MEK/ERK and PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathways to Attenuate IFN-I-Induced Neutrophil NETosis
title_full_unstemmed Baicalin Modulates Glycolysis via the PKC/Raf/MEK/ERK and PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathways to Attenuate IFN-I-Induced Neutrophil NETosis
title_short Baicalin Modulates Glycolysis via the PKC/Raf/MEK/ERK and PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathways to Attenuate IFN-I-Induced Neutrophil NETosis
title_sort baicalin modulates glycolysis via the pkc raf mek erk and pi3k akt signaling pathways to attenuate ifn i induced neutrophil netosis
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/mi/8822728
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