The Impact of Low-Fidelity Three-Dimensional-Printed Models of the Equine Distal Limb and the Canine Forelimb in Teaching Veterinary Anatomy in Practical Classes

Limited cadaver availability and health risks from formaldehyde-treated cadavers have increased the need for alternative learning materials in veterinary anatomy education. Two studies were conducted to investigate whether low-fidelity 3D-printed models provide comparable learning outcomes to real s...

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Main Authors: Rebecca Schirone, Maximiliane Schmedding, Janet Weigner, Martin Werner, Giuliano Mario Corte, Jan Peter Ehlers, Luise Grace Klass, Mahtab Bahramsoltani
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Animals
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/15/10/1380
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author Rebecca Schirone
Maximiliane Schmedding
Janet Weigner
Martin Werner
Giuliano Mario Corte
Jan Peter Ehlers
Luise Grace Klass
Mahtab Bahramsoltani
author_facet Rebecca Schirone
Maximiliane Schmedding
Janet Weigner
Martin Werner
Giuliano Mario Corte
Jan Peter Ehlers
Luise Grace Klass
Mahtab Bahramsoltani
author_sort Rebecca Schirone
collection DOAJ
description Limited cadaver availability and health risks from formaldehyde-treated cadavers have increased the need for alternative learning materials in veterinary anatomy education. Two studies were conducted to investigate whether low-fidelity 3D-printed models provide comparable learning outcomes to real specimens. In study 1, veterinary students were assigned to two groups to study the equine distal limb on a real specimen (<i>n</i> = 67) or a 3D model (<i>n</i> = 68). In study 2, students were divided into four groups to study the canine forelimb on a real specimen (<i>n</i> = 44), a 3D model (<i>n</i> = 45), a 3D model followed by a real specimen (<i>n</i> = 47), or the reverse combination (<i>n</i> = 47). Learning outcomes were measured through a knowledge assessment. Afterwards, learning materials were evaluated by students. Both studies showed significantly higher learning outcomes in the groups learning with real specimens compared to other test groups. While students preferred to start learning with 3D models before switching to real specimens, this method had the lowest learning outcomes. However, students emphasized the value of 3D models for independent learning outside the dissection hall and desired further 3D models of other anatomical specimens. Findings indicated that low-fidelity 3D-printed models cannot replace real specimens but are a useful complementary tool in veterinary anatomy education.
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spelling doaj-art-2826d83741d941f7bc4290e946beaec22025-08-20T03:47:48ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152025-05-011510138010.3390/ani15101380The Impact of Low-Fidelity Three-Dimensional-Printed Models of the Equine Distal Limb and the Canine Forelimb in Teaching Veterinary Anatomy in Practical ClassesRebecca Schirone0Maximiliane Schmedding1Janet Weigner2Martin Werner3Giuliano Mario Corte4Jan Peter Ehlers5Luise Grace Klass6Mahtab Bahramsoltani7Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Koserstraße 20, 14195 Berlin, GermanyISME Bern and Avenches, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Hochschulstrasse 6, 3012 Bern, SwitzerlandInstitute of Veterinary Anatomy, School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Koserstraße 20, 14195 Berlin, GermanyInstitute of Veterinary Anatomy, School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Koserstraße 20, 14195 Berlin, GermanyInstitute of Veterinary Anatomy, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich (UZH), Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057 Zurich, SwitzerlandDidactics and Educational Research in Health Science, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, Alfred-Herrhausen-Straße 50, 58455 Witten, GermanyInstitute of Veterinary Anatomy, School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Koserstraße 20, 14195 Berlin, GermanyInstitute of Veterinary Anatomy, School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Koserstraße 20, 14195 Berlin, GermanyLimited cadaver availability and health risks from formaldehyde-treated cadavers have increased the need for alternative learning materials in veterinary anatomy education. Two studies were conducted to investigate whether low-fidelity 3D-printed models provide comparable learning outcomes to real specimens. In study 1, veterinary students were assigned to two groups to study the equine distal limb on a real specimen (<i>n</i> = 67) or a 3D model (<i>n</i> = 68). In study 2, students were divided into four groups to study the canine forelimb on a real specimen (<i>n</i> = 44), a 3D model (<i>n</i> = 45), a 3D model followed by a real specimen (<i>n</i> = 47), or the reverse combination (<i>n</i> = 47). Learning outcomes were measured through a knowledge assessment. Afterwards, learning materials were evaluated by students. Both studies showed significantly higher learning outcomes in the groups learning with real specimens compared to other test groups. While students preferred to start learning with 3D models before switching to real specimens, this method had the lowest learning outcomes. However, students emphasized the value of 3D models for independent learning outside the dissection hall and desired further 3D models of other anatomical specimens. Findings indicated that low-fidelity 3D-printed models cannot replace real specimens but are a useful complementary tool in veterinary anatomy education.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/15/10/1380veterinary educationexperimental studylearning outcomesstudent evaluationformaldehyde-free alternativeseducation sciences
spellingShingle Rebecca Schirone
Maximiliane Schmedding
Janet Weigner
Martin Werner
Giuliano Mario Corte
Jan Peter Ehlers
Luise Grace Klass
Mahtab Bahramsoltani
The Impact of Low-Fidelity Three-Dimensional-Printed Models of the Equine Distal Limb and the Canine Forelimb in Teaching Veterinary Anatomy in Practical Classes
Animals
veterinary education
experimental study
learning outcomes
student evaluation
formaldehyde-free alternatives
education sciences
title The Impact of Low-Fidelity Three-Dimensional-Printed Models of the Equine Distal Limb and the Canine Forelimb in Teaching Veterinary Anatomy in Practical Classes
title_full The Impact of Low-Fidelity Three-Dimensional-Printed Models of the Equine Distal Limb and the Canine Forelimb in Teaching Veterinary Anatomy in Practical Classes
title_fullStr The Impact of Low-Fidelity Three-Dimensional-Printed Models of the Equine Distal Limb and the Canine Forelimb in Teaching Veterinary Anatomy in Practical Classes
title_full_unstemmed The Impact of Low-Fidelity Three-Dimensional-Printed Models of the Equine Distal Limb and the Canine Forelimb in Teaching Veterinary Anatomy in Practical Classes
title_short The Impact of Low-Fidelity Three-Dimensional-Printed Models of the Equine Distal Limb and the Canine Forelimb in Teaching Veterinary Anatomy in Practical Classes
title_sort impact of low fidelity three dimensional printed models of the equine distal limb and the canine forelimb in teaching veterinary anatomy in practical classes
topic veterinary education
experimental study
learning outcomes
student evaluation
formaldehyde-free alternatives
education sciences
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/15/10/1380
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