The study on a cost-effective ionic liquid for sustainable heavy metal-contaminated soil remediation

Abstract Over one-third of global terrestrial resources are contaminated by pollutants such as heavy metals, POPs, and PAHs, with more than five million soil sites exceeding regulatory heavy metal levels. This study evaluates the performance of a lab-synthesized ionic liquid, triethylammonium hydrog...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Yiran Fan, Wafa Dastyar, Xiaoyan Wang, Simon Zhao, Wenyi Yuan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Springer 2025-06-01
Series:Discover Soil
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1007/s44378-025-00067-y
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849691597146423296
author Yiran Fan
Wafa Dastyar
Xiaoyan Wang
Simon Zhao
Wenyi Yuan
author_facet Yiran Fan
Wafa Dastyar
Xiaoyan Wang
Simon Zhao
Wenyi Yuan
author_sort Yiran Fan
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Over one-third of global terrestrial resources are contaminated by pollutants such as heavy metals, POPs, and PAHs, with more than five million soil sites exceeding regulatory heavy metal levels. This study evaluates the performance of a lab-synthesized ionic liquid, triethylammonium hydrogen sulfate ([TEA][HSO4]), in removing heavy metals from soil via phytoextraction. Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to model the relationship between the experimental conditions and the removal efficacy of heavy metal, including Cd, Mn, Fe, Zn, Ni, Pb and As (metalloid). The operation parameters have been decided as temperature, the ratio of IL and soil and residence time. Under the optimum condition (temperature of 75 °C, IL:soil mass ratio of 30:1, and reaction time of 8 h), the [TEA][HSO4] ionic liquid synthesized in this study achieves as high removal efficiency as 98.7% for Cd, 93.9% for As, 93.0% for Mn, 61.0% for Fe, 59.5% for Zn, 51.9% for Ni and 31.8% for Pb. The novelty of this work lies not only in the high removal efficiency achieved using [TEA][HSO4], but also in its significant contribution to advancing soil remediation techniques for heavy metal contamination, minimizing negative environmental impacts on soil structure and ecosystems.
format Article
id doaj-art-2820be14965d4b41b523312a55fac8ac
institution DOAJ
issn 3005-1223
language English
publishDate 2025-06-01
publisher Springer
record_format Article
series Discover Soil
spelling doaj-art-2820be14965d4b41b523312a55fac8ac2025-08-20T03:20:59ZengSpringerDiscover Soil3005-12232025-06-012111310.1007/s44378-025-00067-yThe study on a cost-effective ionic liquid for sustainable heavy metal-contaminated soil remediationYiran Fan0Wafa Dastyar1Xiaoyan Wang2Simon Zhao3Wenyi Yuan4Beijing Climate Change Management CenterSchool of Environment, Tsinghua UniversitySchool of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Polytechnic UniversitySchool of Environment, Tsinghua UniversitySchool of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Polytechnic UniversityAbstract Over one-third of global terrestrial resources are contaminated by pollutants such as heavy metals, POPs, and PAHs, with more than five million soil sites exceeding regulatory heavy metal levels. This study evaluates the performance of a lab-synthesized ionic liquid, triethylammonium hydrogen sulfate ([TEA][HSO4]), in removing heavy metals from soil via phytoextraction. Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to model the relationship between the experimental conditions and the removal efficacy of heavy metal, including Cd, Mn, Fe, Zn, Ni, Pb and As (metalloid). The operation parameters have been decided as temperature, the ratio of IL and soil and residence time. Under the optimum condition (temperature of 75 °C, IL:soil mass ratio of 30:1, and reaction time of 8 h), the [TEA][HSO4] ionic liquid synthesized in this study achieves as high removal efficiency as 98.7% for Cd, 93.9% for As, 93.0% for Mn, 61.0% for Fe, 59.5% for Zn, 51.9% for Ni and 31.8% for Pb. The novelty of this work lies not only in the high removal efficiency achieved using [TEA][HSO4], but also in its significant contribution to advancing soil remediation techniques for heavy metal contamination, minimizing negative environmental impacts on soil structure and ecosystems.https://doi.org/10.1007/s44378-025-00067-yIonic liquid (IL)[TEA][HSO4]Heavy metalSoil remediationSoil washing
spellingShingle Yiran Fan
Wafa Dastyar
Xiaoyan Wang
Simon Zhao
Wenyi Yuan
The study on a cost-effective ionic liquid for sustainable heavy metal-contaminated soil remediation
Discover Soil
Ionic liquid (IL)
[TEA][HSO4]
Heavy metal
Soil remediation
Soil washing
title The study on a cost-effective ionic liquid for sustainable heavy metal-contaminated soil remediation
title_full The study on a cost-effective ionic liquid for sustainable heavy metal-contaminated soil remediation
title_fullStr The study on a cost-effective ionic liquid for sustainable heavy metal-contaminated soil remediation
title_full_unstemmed The study on a cost-effective ionic liquid for sustainable heavy metal-contaminated soil remediation
title_short The study on a cost-effective ionic liquid for sustainable heavy metal-contaminated soil remediation
title_sort study on a cost effective ionic liquid for sustainable heavy metal contaminated soil remediation
topic Ionic liquid (IL)
[TEA][HSO4]
Heavy metal
Soil remediation
Soil washing
url https://doi.org/10.1007/s44378-025-00067-y
work_keys_str_mv AT yiranfan thestudyonacosteffectiveionicliquidforsustainableheavymetalcontaminatedsoilremediation
AT wafadastyar thestudyonacosteffectiveionicliquidforsustainableheavymetalcontaminatedsoilremediation
AT xiaoyanwang thestudyonacosteffectiveionicliquidforsustainableheavymetalcontaminatedsoilremediation
AT simonzhao thestudyonacosteffectiveionicliquidforsustainableheavymetalcontaminatedsoilremediation
AT wenyiyuan thestudyonacosteffectiveionicliquidforsustainableheavymetalcontaminatedsoilremediation
AT yiranfan studyonacosteffectiveionicliquidforsustainableheavymetalcontaminatedsoilremediation
AT wafadastyar studyonacosteffectiveionicliquidforsustainableheavymetalcontaminatedsoilremediation
AT xiaoyanwang studyonacosteffectiveionicliquidforsustainableheavymetalcontaminatedsoilremediation
AT simonzhao studyonacosteffectiveionicliquidforsustainableheavymetalcontaminatedsoilremediation
AT wenyiyuan studyonacosteffectiveionicliquidforsustainableheavymetalcontaminatedsoilremediation