Molecular identification and genetic variations of forensically significant blow flies (Diptera: Calliphoridae) from Eastern India using DNA barcoding.

Flies, especially those from the Calliphoridae family, play a crucial role in decomposition and are the first to colonize a cadaver. Firstly, accurate species identification is a prerequisite for entomological evidence-based calculation of postmortem interval (PMI). While morphological criteria for...

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Main Authors: Oishik Kar, Arka Mukherjee, Koustav Mukherjee, Debdeep Pramanik, Atanu Naskar, Dhriti Banerjee
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2025-01-01
Series:PLoS ONE
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0327039
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author Oishik Kar
Arka Mukherjee
Koustav Mukherjee
Debdeep Pramanik
Atanu Naskar
Dhriti Banerjee
author_facet Oishik Kar
Arka Mukherjee
Koustav Mukherjee
Debdeep Pramanik
Atanu Naskar
Dhriti Banerjee
author_sort Oishik Kar
collection DOAJ
description Flies, especially those from the Calliphoridae family, play a crucial role in decomposition and are the first to colonize a cadaver. Firstly, accurate species identification is a prerequisite for entomological evidence-based calculation of postmortem interval (PMI). While morphological criteria for identifying the species of adult blow flies exist, there are either absent or inadequate keys for younger stages. In all phases of blow fly development, molecular identification offers a quick and accurate procedure. It is widely known that mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I has the capacity for molecular identification but is ineffective in certain species. This study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of the cytochrome oxidase 1 gene in the identification of seventeen different species of calliphorid flies involving four genera, Calliphora, Chrysomya, Lucilia, and Hemipyrellia. In West Bengal, 2,977 blow fly specimens were gathered from four distinct geo-climatic zones. COI barcodes were able to confirm morphological identification through low K2P intraspecific genetic divergences (0% to 1%) and moderate to high K2P interspecific genetic divergences (0.39% to 12.29%). The Neighbour-Joining (NJ) analysis demonstrated well-supported reciprocal monophyly among the species. The species grouping was in agreement with morphological and molecular identifications. The four delimitation methods, BIN, ASAP, PTP, and GMYC, used for species identification produced similar results and facilitated the proper identification of species. Therefore, it can be concluded that COI barcodes are a highly successful alternative for the molecular identification of blow flies, facilitating forensic cases and biodiversity research in India.
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spelling doaj-art-2809abbb811e4eb3a41a6ae81bf337b62025-08-20T03:32:04ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032025-01-01207e032703910.1371/journal.pone.0327039Molecular identification and genetic variations of forensically significant blow flies (Diptera: Calliphoridae) from Eastern India using DNA barcoding.Oishik KarArka MukherjeeKoustav MukherjeeDebdeep PramanikAtanu NaskarDhriti BanerjeeFlies, especially those from the Calliphoridae family, play a crucial role in decomposition and are the first to colonize a cadaver. Firstly, accurate species identification is a prerequisite for entomological evidence-based calculation of postmortem interval (PMI). While morphological criteria for identifying the species of adult blow flies exist, there are either absent or inadequate keys for younger stages. In all phases of blow fly development, molecular identification offers a quick and accurate procedure. It is widely known that mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I has the capacity for molecular identification but is ineffective in certain species. This study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of the cytochrome oxidase 1 gene in the identification of seventeen different species of calliphorid flies involving four genera, Calliphora, Chrysomya, Lucilia, and Hemipyrellia. In West Bengal, 2,977 blow fly specimens were gathered from four distinct geo-climatic zones. COI barcodes were able to confirm morphological identification through low K2P intraspecific genetic divergences (0% to 1%) and moderate to high K2P interspecific genetic divergences (0.39% to 12.29%). The Neighbour-Joining (NJ) analysis demonstrated well-supported reciprocal monophyly among the species. The species grouping was in agreement with morphological and molecular identifications. The four delimitation methods, BIN, ASAP, PTP, and GMYC, used for species identification produced similar results and facilitated the proper identification of species. Therefore, it can be concluded that COI barcodes are a highly successful alternative for the molecular identification of blow flies, facilitating forensic cases and biodiversity research in India.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0327039
spellingShingle Oishik Kar
Arka Mukherjee
Koustav Mukherjee
Debdeep Pramanik
Atanu Naskar
Dhriti Banerjee
Molecular identification and genetic variations of forensically significant blow flies (Diptera: Calliphoridae) from Eastern India using DNA barcoding.
PLoS ONE
title Molecular identification and genetic variations of forensically significant blow flies (Diptera: Calliphoridae) from Eastern India using DNA barcoding.
title_full Molecular identification and genetic variations of forensically significant blow flies (Diptera: Calliphoridae) from Eastern India using DNA barcoding.
title_fullStr Molecular identification and genetic variations of forensically significant blow flies (Diptera: Calliphoridae) from Eastern India using DNA barcoding.
title_full_unstemmed Molecular identification and genetic variations of forensically significant blow flies (Diptera: Calliphoridae) from Eastern India using DNA barcoding.
title_short Molecular identification and genetic variations of forensically significant blow flies (Diptera: Calliphoridae) from Eastern India using DNA barcoding.
title_sort molecular identification and genetic variations of forensically significant blow flies diptera calliphoridae from eastern india using dna barcoding
url https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0327039
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AT arkamukherjee molecularidentificationandgeneticvariationsofforensicallysignificantblowfliesdipteracalliphoridaefromeasternindiausingdnabarcoding
AT koustavmukherjee molecularidentificationandgeneticvariationsofforensicallysignificantblowfliesdipteracalliphoridaefromeasternindiausingdnabarcoding
AT debdeeppramanik molecularidentificationandgeneticvariationsofforensicallysignificantblowfliesdipteracalliphoridaefromeasternindiausingdnabarcoding
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