The joint role of school adaptation and physical activity in the nonlinear effect of adolescent self-control and mental health

Abstract To examine the nonlinear effects of adolescent self-control on mental health and investigate the mediating role of school adaptation and the moderating role of physical activity, we conducted psychological measurements on 2077 high school students from eight different schools using a psycho...

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Main Authors: Yueyan Jiang, Chong Liu, Jun Yan, Lingzhi Wang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Scientific Reports
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-10011-3
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author Yueyan Jiang
Chong Liu
Jun Yan
Lingzhi Wang
author_facet Yueyan Jiang
Chong Liu
Jun Yan
Lingzhi Wang
author_sort Yueyan Jiang
collection DOAJ
description Abstract To examine the nonlinear effects of adolescent self-control on mental health and investigate the mediating role of school adaptation and the moderating role of physical activity, we conducted psychological measurements on 2077 high school students from eight different schools using a psychological scale. The results revealed a U-shaped relationship between adolescent self-control and their mental health and school adaptation, with school adaptation mediating this relationship. Furthermore, physical activity was identified as a regulator of the indirect effects of self-control on mental health through school adaptation. This suggests that adolescents sometimes need to balance their focus between internal self-control and external adaptation strategies to succeed in school. This balancing act can lead to an overuse of self-control resources, resulting in "excessive adaptation," which negatively impacts their mental health. However, physical activity can help mitigate these negative effects by moderating the relationship between school adaptation and mental health. The study underscores the importance of balancing self-control and school adaptation in adolescents. It recommends that educators incorporate physical activity into routines to help maintain adolescents’ mental health.
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spelling doaj-art-2808c40d3c9a40fcacd4e0fb3b1096902025-08-20T03:05:21ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-07-0115111110.1038/s41598-025-10011-3The joint role of school adaptation and physical activity in the nonlinear effect of adolescent self-control and mental healthYueyan Jiang0Chong Liu1Jun Yan2Lingzhi Wang3Yangzhou Polytechnic InstituteCollege of Physical Education, Yangzhou UniversityCollege of Physical Education, Yangzhou UniversityNantong Tianjiabing Junior Middle SchoolAbstract To examine the nonlinear effects of adolescent self-control on mental health and investigate the mediating role of school adaptation and the moderating role of physical activity, we conducted psychological measurements on 2077 high school students from eight different schools using a psychological scale. The results revealed a U-shaped relationship between adolescent self-control and their mental health and school adaptation, with school adaptation mediating this relationship. Furthermore, physical activity was identified as a regulator of the indirect effects of self-control on mental health through school adaptation. This suggests that adolescents sometimes need to balance their focus between internal self-control and external adaptation strategies to succeed in school. This balancing act can lead to an overuse of self-control resources, resulting in "excessive adaptation," which negatively impacts their mental health. However, physical activity can help mitigate these negative effects by moderating the relationship between school adaptation and mental health. The study underscores the importance of balancing self-control and school adaptation in adolescents. It recommends that educators incorporate physical activity into routines to help maintain adolescents’ mental health.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-10011-3Self-controlMental healthSchool adaptationPhysical activityNonlinear relation
spellingShingle Yueyan Jiang
Chong Liu
Jun Yan
Lingzhi Wang
The joint role of school adaptation and physical activity in the nonlinear effect of adolescent self-control and mental health
Scientific Reports
Self-control
Mental health
School adaptation
Physical activity
Nonlinear relation
title The joint role of school adaptation and physical activity in the nonlinear effect of adolescent self-control and mental health
title_full The joint role of school adaptation and physical activity in the nonlinear effect of adolescent self-control and mental health
title_fullStr The joint role of school adaptation and physical activity in the nonlinear effect of adolescent self-control and mental health
title_full_unstemmed The joint role of school adaptation and physical activity in the nonlinear effect of adolescent self-control and mental health
title_short The joint role of school adaptation and physical activity in the nonlinear effect of adolescent self-control and mental health
title_sort joint role of school adaptation and physical activity in the nonlinear effect of adolescent self control and mental health
topic Self-control
Mental health
School adaptation
Physical activity
Nonlinear relation
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-10011-3
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