When normality collapses from one moment to the next. A sociological theory of singular crisis

Since the emergence of sociology, it has been part of the discipline’s self-image to diagnose crises in modern societies. Sociology, however, has no theory that differentiates between normal and extranormal or singular crises. In this article, we want to develop a crisis typology that distinguishes...

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Main Authors: Klaus Kraemer, Joris Steg
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-07-01
Series:Frontiers in Sociology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsoc.2025.1596427/full
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author Klaus Kraemer
Joris Steg
author_facet Klaus Kraemer
Joris Steg
author_sort Klaus Kraemer
collection DOAJ
description Since the emergence of sociology, it has been part of the discipline’s self-image to diagnose crises in modern societies. Sociology, however, has no theory that differentiates between normal and extranormal or singular crises. In this article, we want to develop a crisis typology that distinguishes between these two types. While a normal crisis is characterised by cyclical and structural patterns, which usually build up gradually and lead to incremental change, a singular crisis is characterised by eruptive ruptures in relation to the pre-crisis state. Such ruptures can challenge the traditional social order, both institutionally and narratively. Unlike normal crises, a singular crisis is marked by exogenous shocks like wars, natural disasters, or pandemics. This shock marks the beginning of a process of crisis intervention, which we examine to reconstruct the sociological peculiarities of a singular crisis. By using the Covid-19-crisis as an empirical slide, we analyse a singular crisis and list various dimensions and criteria—namely involvement and impact, temporality, principle of order, social change, isomorphism, path dependency, collective morality, mode of legitimation and spatial order—that can be used to differentiate between singular and normal crises.
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spelling doaj-art-27eea635b837410aadb7e95e7badd8c62025-08-20T03:15:39ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Sociology2297-77752025-07-011010.3389/fsoc.2025.15964271596427When normality collapses from one moment to the next. A sociological theory of singular crisisKlaus Kraemer0Joris Steg1Department of Sociology, University of Graz, Graz, AustriaDepartment of Sociology, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, GermanySince the emergence of sociology, it has been part of the discipline’s self-image to diagnose crises in modern societies. Sociology, however, has no theory that differentiates between normal and extranormal or singular crises. In this article, we want to develop a crisis typology that distinguishes between these two types. While a normal crisis is characterised by cyclical and structural patterns, which usually build up gradually and lead to incremental change, a singular crisis is characterised by eruptive ruptures in relation to the pre-crisis state. Such ruptures can challenge the traditional social order, both institutionally and narratively. Unlike normal crises, a singular crisis is marked by exogenous shocks like wars, natural disasters, or pandemics. This shock marks the beginning of a process of crisis intervention, which we examine to reconstruct the sociological peculiarities of a singular crisis. By using the Covid-19-crisis as an empirical slide, we analyse a singular crisis and list various dimensions and criteria—namely involvement and impact, temporality, principle of order, social change, isomorphism, path dependency, collective morality, mode of legitimation and spatial order—that can be used to differentiate between singular and normal crises.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsoc.2025.1596427/fullcrisissingular crisisnormal crisisnormalityCOVID 19sociology
spellingShingle Klaus Kraemer
Joris Steg
When normality collapses from one moment to the next. A sociological theory of singular crisis
Frontiers in Sociology
crisis
singular crisis
normal crisis
normality
COVID 19
sociology
title When normality collapses from one moment to the next. A sociological theory of singular crisis
title_full When normality collapses from one moment to the next. A sociological theory of singular crisis
title_fullStr When normality collapses from one moment to the next. A sociological theory of singular crisis
title_full_unstemmed When normality collapses from one moment to the next. A sociological theory of singular crisis
title_short When normality collapses from one moment to the next. A sociological theory of singular crisis
title_sort when normality collapses from one moment to the next a sociological theory of singular crisis
topic crisis
singular crisis
normal crisis
normality
COVID 19
sociology
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsoc.2025.1596427/full
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