Zeros distribution and interlacing property for certain polynomial sequences

In this article, we first prove that the Hankel determinant of order three of the polynomial sequence {Pn(x)=∑k≥0P(n,k)xk}n≥0{\left\{{P}_{n}\left(x)={\sum }_{k\ge 0}P\left(n,k){x}^{k}\right\}}_{n\ge 0} is weakly (Hurwitz) stable, where P(n,k)P\left(n,k) satisfies the recurrence relation P(n,k)=(a1n+...

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Main Author: Guo Wan-Ming
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: De Gruyter 2024-11-01
Series:Open Mathematics
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1515/math-2024-0085
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description In this article, we first prove that the Hankel determinant of order three of the polynomial sequence {Pn(x)=∑k≥0P(n,k)xk}n≥0{\left\{{P}_{n}\left(x)={\sum }_{k\ge 0}P\left(n,k){x}^{k}\right\}}_{n\ge 0} is weakly (Hurwitz) stable, where P(n,k)P\left(n,k) satisfies the recurrence relation P(n,k)=(a1n+a2)P(n−1,k)+(b1n+b2)P(n−1,k−1),P\left(n,k)=\left({a}_{1}n+{a}_{2})P\left(n-1,k)+\left({b}_{1}n+{b}_{2})P\left(n-1,k-1), with P(n,k)=0P\left(n,k)=0 wherever k∉{0,1,…,n}.k\notin \left\{0,1,\ldots ,n\right\}. The stability of a polynomial is closely associated with the interlacing property, which is based on the Hermite-Biehler theorem. We also show the interlacing property of the polynomial sequence (Un(x))n≥0,{\left({U}_{n}\left(x))}_{n\ge 0}, which satisfies the following recurrence relation: Un(x)=(αnx+βn)Un−1(x)+(unx2+vnx)Un−1′(x){U}_{n}\left(x)=\left({\alpha }_{n}x+{\beta }_{n}){U}_{n-1}\left(x)+\left({u}_{n}{x}^{2}+{v}_{n}x){U}_{n-1}^{^{\prime} }\left(x) based on the Hermite-Biehler theorem. As applications, we obtain the weak (Hurwitz) stability of the Hankel determinant of order three for the row polynomials of the (unsigned) Stirling numbers of the first kind, the Whitney numbers of the first kind, and show the interlacing property of Eulerian polynomials, Bell polynomials, and Dowling polynomials.
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spelling doaj-art-27ee9e39c3fa428680d7347bcaa315492025-08-20T01:48:37ZengDe GruyterOpen Mathematics2391-54552024-11-0122150053510.1515/math-2024-0085Zeros distribution and interlacing property for certain polynomial sequencesGuo Wan-Ming0School of Mathematical Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, P. R. ChinaIn this article, we first prove that the Hankel determinant of order three of the polynomial sequence {Pn(x)=∑k≥0P(n,k)xk}n≥0{\left\{{P}_{n}\left(x)={\sum }_{k\ge 0}P\left(n,k){x}^{k}\right\}}_{n\ge 0} is weakly (Hurwitz) stable, where P(n,k)P\left(n,k) satisfies the recurrence relation P(n,k)=(a1n+a2)P(n−1,k)+(b1n+b2)P(n−1,k−1),P\left(n,k)=\left({a}_{1}n+{a}_{2})P\left(n-1,k)+\left({b}_{1}n+{b}_{2})P\left(n-1,k-1), with P(n,k)=0P\left(n,k)=0 wherever k∉{0,1,…,n}.k\notin \left\{0,1,\ldots ,n\right\}. The stability of a polynomial is closely associated with the interlacing property, which is based on the Hermite-Biehler theorem. We also show the interlacing property of the polynomial sequence (Un(x))n≥0,{\left({U}_{n}\left(x))}_{n\ge 0}, which satisfies the following recurrence relation: Un(x)=(αnx+βn)Un−1(x)+(unx2+vnx)Un−1′(x){U}_{n}\left(x)=\left({\alpha }_{n}x+{\beta }_{n}){U}_{n-1}\left(x)+\left({u}_{n}{x}^{2}+{v}_{n}x){U}_{n-1}^{^{\prime} }\left(x) based on the Hermite-Biehler theorem. As applications, we obtain the weak (Hurwitz) stability of the Hankel determinant of order three for the row polynomials of the (unsigned) Stirling numbers of the first kind, the Whitney numbers of the first kind, and show the interlacing property of Eulerian polynomials, Bell polynomials, and Dowling polynomials.https://doi.org/10.1515/math-2024-0085hankel determinantinterlacing propertyhurwitz stabilityhermite-biehler theorem05a1515a1511b8326c1005a20
spellingShingle Guo Wan-Ming
Zeros distribution and interlacing property for certain polynomial sequences
Open Mathematics
hankel determinant
interlacing property
hurwitz stability
hermite-biehler theorem
05a15
15a15
11b83
26c10
05a20
title Zeros distribution and interlacing property for certain polynomial sequences
title_full Zeros distribution and interlacing property for certain polynomial sequences
title_fullStr Zeros distribution and interlacing property for certain polynomial sequences
title_full_unstemmed Zeros distribution and interlacing property for certain polynomial sequences
title_short Zeros distribution and interlacing property for certain polynomial sequences
title_sort zeros distribution and interlacing property for certain polynomial sequences
topic hankel determinant
interlacing property
hurwitz stability
hermite-biehler theorem
05a15
15a15
11b83
26c10
05a20
url https://doi.org/10.1515/math-2024-0085
work_keys_str_mv AT guowanming zerosdistributionandinterlacingpropertyforcertainpolynomialsequences