In vivo evidence of metformin and aspirin antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus in Drosophila infection model

Abstract Background The significant increase in infectious bacterial diseases over the past two decades presents a serious global health threat, compounded by the limited efficacy of current therapeutic options. This has created an urgent need to explore novel antibacterial compounds. Traditional pr...

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Main Authors: Firzan Nainu, Muh. Akbar Bahar, Habibie Habibie, Yenni Yusuf, Sartini Sartini, Mukarram Mudjahid, Nadila Pratiwi Latada, Gimas Fatir Bijaksana, Aditya Satya Pratama, Jihan Atikah Permatasari, Asbah Asbah
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: SpringerOpen 2025-06-01
Series:Beni-Suef University Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s43088-025-00652-8
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author Firzan Nainu
Muh. Akbar Bahar
Habibie Habibie
Yenni Yusuf
Sartini Sartini
Mukarram Mudjahid
Nadila Pratiwi Latada
Gimas Fatir Bijaksana
Aditya Satya Pratama
Jihan Atikah Permatasari
Asbah Asbah
author_facet Firzan Nainu
Muh. Akbar Bahar
Habibie Habibie
Yenni Yusuf
Sartini Sartini
Mukarram Mudjahid
Nadila Pratiwi Latada
Gimas Fatir Bijaksana
Aditya Satya Pratama
Jihan Atikah Permatasari
Asbah Asbah
author_sort Firzan Nainu
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background The significant increase in infectious bacterial diseases over the past two decades presents a serious global health threat, compounded by the limited efficacy of current therapeutic options. This has created an urgent need to explore novel antibacterial compounds. Traditional preclinical animal models used to evaluate drug candidates are often costly and require lengthy testing periods. The previous studies have shown Drosophila melanogaster to be an effective model organism for antibacterial drug discovery. In this study, we evaluated the in vivo antibacterial effects of metformin and aspirin against Staphylococcus aureus using a Drosophila infection model. Results Our findings demonstrated that treatment with both metformin and aspirin significantly increased the survival of D. melanogaster infected with S. aureus. Additionally, both compounds inhibited bacterial growth in infected flies, as evidenced by reduced bacterial counts, indicating a direct antibacterial effect. Treatment also led to the downregulation of immune response-related genes, suggesting that the antibacterial activity occurred without immune system activation. Furthermore, metformin and aspirin reduced cell stress induced by bacterial infection, and these effects were validated in immunodeficient mutant flies, proving their efficacy independent of innate immune responses. Conclusion These findings highlight the potential for repurposing metformin and aspirin as antibacterial agents. Using a high-throughput, cost-effective, and efficient Drosophila model, this study provides strong evidence supporting the viability of these compounds as treatments against bacterial infections.
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publishDate 2025-06-01
publisher SpringerOpen
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spelling doaj-art-27ede74f9cf2470f8bbc2f84a3a48ae12025-08-20T02:10:35ZengSpringerOpenBeni-Suef University Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences2314-85432025-06-0114111110.1186/s43088-025-00652-8In vivo evidence of metformin and aspirin antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus in Drosophila infection modelFirzan Nainu0Muh. Akbar Bahar1Habibie Habibie2Yenni Yusuf3Sartini Sartini4Mukarram Mudjahid5Nadila Pratiwi Latada6Gimas Fatir Bijaksana7Aditya Satya Pratama8Jihan Atikah Permatasari9Asbah Asbah10Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Tamalanrea, Makassar 90245, IndonesiaDepartment of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Tamalanrea, Makassar 90245, IndonesiaDepartment of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Tamalanrea, Makassar 90245, IndonesiaDepartment of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Tamalanrea, Makassar 90245, IndonesiaDepartment of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Tamalanrea, Makassar 90245, IndonesiaDepartment of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Tamalanrea, Makassar 90245, IndonesiaUnhas Fly Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Tamalanrea, Makassar 90245, IndonesiaUndergraduate Program in Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Tamalanrea, Makassar 90245, IndonesiaUndergraduate Program in Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Tamalanrea, Makassar 90245, IndonesiaUndergraduate Program in Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Tamalanrea, Makassar 90245, IndonesiaUnhas Fly Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Tamalanrea, Makassar 90245, IndonesiaAbstract Background The significant increase in infectious bacterial diseases over the past two decades presents a serious global health threat, compounded by the limited efficacy of current therapeutic options. This has created an urgent need to explore novel antibacterial compounds. Traditional preclinical animal models used to evaluate drug candidates are often costly and require lengthy testing periods. The previous studies have shown Drosophila melanogaster to be an effective model organism for antibacterial drug discovery. In this study, we evaluated the in vivo antibacterial effects of metformin and aspirin against Staphylococcus aureus using a Drosophila infection model. Results Our findings demonstrated that treatment with both metformin and aspirin significantly increased the survival of D. melanogaster infected with S. aureus. Additionally, both compounds inhibited bacterial growth in infected flies, as evidenced by reduced bacterial counts, indicating a direct antibacterial effect. Treatment also led to the downregulation of immune response-related genes, suggesting that the antibacterial activity occurred without immune system activation. Furthermore, metformin and aspirin reduced cell stress induced by bacterial infection, and these effects were validated in immunodeficient mutant flies, proving their efficacy independent of innate immune responses. Conclusion These findings highlight the potential for repurposing metformin and aspirin as antibacterial agents. Using a high-throughput, cost-effective, and efficient Drosophila model, this study provides strong evidence supporting the viability of these compounds as treatments against bacterial infections.https://doi.org/10.1186/s43088-025-00652-8Drug repurposingDrosophilaStaphylococcus aureusAspirinMetformin
spellingShingle Firzan Nainu
Muh. Akbar Bahar
Habibie Habibie
Yenni Yusuf
Sartini Sartini
Mukarram Mudjahid
Nadila Pratiwi Latada
Gimas Fatir Bijaksana
Aditya Satya Pratama
Jihan Atikah Permatasari
Asbah Asbah
In vivo evidence of metformin and aspirin antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus in Drosophila infection model
Beni-Suef University Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences
Drug repurposing
Drosophila
Staphylococcus aureus
Aspirin
Metformin
title In vivo evidence of metformin and aspirin antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus in Drosophila infection model
title_full In vivo evidence of metformin and aspirin antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus in Drosophila infection model
title_fullStr In vivo evidence of metformin and aspirin antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus in Drosophila infection model
title_full_unstemmed In vivo evidence of metformin and aspirin antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus in Drosophila infection model
title_short In vivo evidence of metformin and aspirin antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus in Drosophila infection model
title_sort in vivo evidence of metformin and aspirin antibacterial activity against staphylococcus aureus in drosophila infection model
topic Drug repurposing
Drosophila
Staphylococcus aureus
Aspirin
Metformin
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s43088-025-00652-8
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