GRDL: A New Global Reservoir Area‐Storage‐Depth Data Set Derived Through Deep Learning‐Based Bathymetry Reconstruction

Abstract Reservoirs play a critical role in the global water cycle by regulating the flow of water from the environment into human systems. Accurate estimation of the area‐storage‐depth relationships for global reservoirs is essential for effective hydrological modeling and reservoir storage monitor...

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Main Authors: Zhen Hao, Fang Chen, Xiaofeng Jia, Xiaobin Cai, Chao Yang, Yun Du, Feng Ling
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2024-01-01
Series:Water Resources Research
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1029/2023WR035781
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author Zhen Hao
Fang Chen
Xiaofeng Jia
Xiaobin Cai
Chao Yang
Yun Du
Feng Ling
author_facet Zhen Hao
Fang Chen
Xiaofeng Jia
Xiaobin Cai
Chao Yang
Yun Du
Feng Ling
author_sort Zhen Hao
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Reservoirs play a critical role in the global water cycle by regulating the flow of water from the environment into human systems. Accurate estimation of the area‐storage‐depth relationships for global reservoirs is essential for effective hydrological modeling and reservoir storage monitoring. Bathymetry reconstruction presents a promising approach to derive this information. Current bathymetry methods either rely on simple approximations or are constrained by dependence on altimetry data or field survey data. To overcome these limitations, this study presents a pioneering approach involving training a deep learning model to reconstruct bathymetry and establish precise area‐storage‐depth relationships. We trained the deep learning model with approximately 160,000 simulated reservoirs derived from Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) and fine‐tuned the model based on hundreds of reservoirs with bathymetry data. By employing the trained model and SRTM, the bathymetry of 7,250 reservoirs in the Global Reservoir and Dam Database were subsequently reconstructed. The method is validated against comprehensive reference data sets, including 54 test reservoirs with bathymetry data, 118 satellite altimetry‐based reservoirs, and 68 LiDAR‐based reservoirs. The reconstructed bathymetry achieves a mean absolute error of 7.87 m and a mean error of +2.05 m for the test reservoirs. The validation against satellite altimetry and LiDAR‐based references significantly outperforms previous geometric approximation techniques, with median normalized root mean square error (NRMSE) values of 20.6% for area‐storage and 22.1% for area‐level curves. Additionally, the reservoir storage variations are estimated with precision, outperforming previous methods. The proposed deep learning‐based approach presents a robust solution for accurate reservoir bathymetry estimation and establishes more reliable area‐storage‐depth relationships for reservoirs worldwide.
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spelling doaj-art-27e5364d0f9442f594163baec775dc8a2025-08-20T02:09:32ZengWileyWater Resources Research0043-13971944-79732024-01-01601n/an/a10.1029/2023WR035781GRDL: A New Global Reservoir Area‐Storage‐Depth Data Set Derived Through Deep Learning‐Based Bathymetry ReconstructionZhen Hao0Fang Chen1Xiaofeng Jia2Xiaobin Cai3Chao Yang4Yun Du5Feng Ling6Key Laboratory for Environment and Disaster Monitoring and Evaluation of Hubei Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan ChinaState Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing Wuhan University Wuhan ChinaKey Laboratory for Environment and Disaster Monitoring and Evaluation of Hubei Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan ChinaKey Laboratory for Environment and Disaster Monitoring and Evaluation of Hubei Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan ChinaKey Laboratory for Environment and Disaster Monitoring and Evaluation of Hubei Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan ChinaKey Laboratory for Environment and Disaster Monitoring and Evaluation of Hubei Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan ChinaKey Laboratory for Environment and Disaster Monitoring and Evaluation of Hubei Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan ChinaAbstract Reservoirs play a critical role in the global water cycle by regulating the flow of water from the environment into human systems. Accurate estimation of the area‐storage‐depth relationships for global reservoirs is essential for effective hydrological modeling and reservoir storage monitoring. Bathymetry reconstruction presents a promising approach to derive this information. Current bathymetry methods either rely on simple approximations or are constrained by dependence on altimetry data or field survey data. To overcome these limitations, this study presents a pioneering approach involving training a deep learning model to reconstruct bathymetry and establish precise area‐storage‐depth relationships. We trained the deep learning model with approximately 160,000 simulated reservoirs derived from Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) and fine‐tuned the model based on hundreds of reservoirs with bathymetry data. By employing the trained model and SRTM, the bathymetry of 7,250 reservoirs in the Global Reservoir and Dam Database were subsequently reconstructed. The method is validated against comprehensive reference data sets, including 54 test reservoirs with bathymetry data, 118 satellite altimetry‐based reservoirs, and 68 LiDAR‐based reservoirs. The reconstructed bathymetry achieves a mean absolute error of 7.87 m and a mean error of +2.05 m for the test reservoirs. The validation against satellite altimetry and LiDAR‐based references significantly outperforms previous geometric approximation techniques, with median normalized root mean square error (NRMSE) values of 20.6% for area‐storage and 22.1% for area‐level curves. Additionally, the reservoir storage variations are estimated with precision, outperforming previous methods. The proposed deep learning‐based approach presents a robust solution for accurate reservoir bathymetry estimation and establishes more reliable area‐storage‐depth relationships for reservoirs worldwide.https://doi.org/10.1029/2023WR035781deep learningreservoir bathymetryarea‐storage‐depthglobal reservoir
spellingShingle Zhen Hao
Fang Chen
Xiaofeng Jia
Xiaobin Cai
Chao Yang
Yun Du
Feng Ling
GRDL: A New Global Reservoir Area‐Storage‐Depth Data Set Derived Through Deep Learning‐Based Bathymetry Reconstruction
Water Resources Research
deep learning
reservoir bathymetry
area‐storage‐depth
global reservoir
title GRDL: A New Global Reservoir Area‐Storage‐Depth Data Set Derived Through Deep Learning‐Based Bathymetry Reconstruction
title_full GRDL: A New Global Reservoir Area‐Storage‐Depth Data Set Derived Through Deep Learning‐Based Bathymetry Reconstruction
title_fullStr GRDL: A New Global Reservoir Area‐Storage‐Depth Data Set Derived Through Deep Learning‐Based Bathymetry Reconstruction
title_full_unstemmed GRDL: A New Global Reservoir Area‐Storage‐Depth Data Set Derived Through Deep Learning‐Based Bathymetry Reconstruction
title_short GRDL: A New Global Reservoir Area‐Storage‐Depth Data Set Derived Through Deep Learning‐Based Bathymetry Reconstruction
title_sort grdl a new global reservoir area storage depth data set derived through deep learning based bathymetry reconstruction
topic deep learning
reservoir bathymetry
area‐storage‐depth
global reservoir
url https://doi.org/10.1029/2023WR035781
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AT xiaobincai grdlanewglobalreservoirareastoragedepthdatasetderivedthroughdeeplearningbasedbathymetryreconstruction
AT chaoyang grdlanewglobalreservoirareastoragedepthdatasetderivedthroughdeeplearningbasedbathymetryreconstruction
AT yundu grdlanewglobalreservoirareastoragedepthdatasetderivedthroughdeeplearningbasedbathymetryreconstruction
AT fengling grdlanewglobalreservoirareastoragedepthdatasetderivedthroughdeeplearningbasedbathymetryreconstruction