Keplerian Ringed-Disk Viscous-Diffusive Evolution and Combined Independent General Relativistic Evolutions

We investigate the evolution of a set of viscous rings, solving a diffusion-like evolution equation in the (Keplerian disk) Newtonian regime. The Lynden-Bell and Pringle approach for a single disk regime is applied to a disk with a ring profile mimicking a set of orbiting viscous rings. We discuss t...

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Main Authors: Daniela Pugliese, Zdenek Stuchlík, Vladimir Karas
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-03-01
Series:Universe
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1997/11/3/88
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author Daniela Pugliese
Zdenek Stuchlík
Vladimir Karas
author_facet Daniela Pugliese
Zdenek Stuchlík
Vladimir Karas
author_sort Daniela Pugliese
collection DOAJ
description We investigate the evolution of a set of viscous rings, solving a diffusion-like evolution equation in the (Keplerian disk) Newtonian regime. The Lynden-Bell and Pringle approach for a single disk regime is applied to a disk with a ring profile mimicking a set of orbiting viscous rings. We discuss the time evolution of the disk, adopting different initial wavy (ringed) density profiles. Four different stages of the ring-cluster evolution are distinguished. In the second part of this analysis, we also explore the general relativistic framework by investigating the time evolution of composed systems of general relativistic co-rotating and counter-rotating equatorial disks orbiting a central Kerr black hole for faster spinning and slowly spinning black holes. In the sideline of this analysis, we consider a modified viscosity prescription mimicking an effective viscosity in the general relativistic ring interspace acting in the early phases of the rings’ evolutions, exploring the double system dynamics. Each ring of the separate sequence spreads inside the cluster modifying its inner structure following the rings merging. As the original ringed structure disappears, a single disk appears. The final configuration has a (well-defined) density peak, and its evolution turns in the final stages are dominated by its activity at the inner edge.
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spelling doaj-art-27e468dfa1764095944c0db6f02885ee2025-08-20T02:43:09ZengMDPI AGUniverse2218-19972025-03-011138810.3390/universe11030088Keplerian Ringed-Disk Viscous-Diffusive Evolution and Combined Independent General Relativistic EvolutionsDaniela Pugliese0Zdenek Stuchlík1Vladimir Karas2Research Centre for Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics, Institute of Physics, Silesian University in Opava, Bezručovo náměstí 13, CZ-74601 Opava, Czech RepublicResearch Centre for Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics, Institute of Physics, Silesian University in Opava, Bezručovo náměstí 13, CZ-74601 Opava, Czech RepublicAstronomical Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Boční II 1401, CZ-14100 Prague, Czech RepublicWe investigate the evolution of a set of viscous rings, solving a diffusion-like evolution equation in the (Keplerian disk) Newtonian regime. The Lynden-Bell and Pringle approach for a single disk regime is applied to a disk with a ring profile mimicking a set of orbiting viscous rings. We discuss the time evolution of the disk, adopting different initial wavy (ringed) density profiles. Four different stages of the ring-cluster evolution are distinguished. In the second part of this analysis, we also explore the general relativistic framework by investigating the time evolution of composed systems of general relativistic co-rotating and counter-rotating equatorial disks orbiting a central Kerr black hole for faster spinning and slowly spinning black holes. In the sideline of this analysis, we consider a modified viscosity prescription mimicking an effective viscosity in the general relativistic ring interspace acting in the early phases of the rings’ evolutions, exploring the double system dynamics. Each ring of the separate sequence spreads inside the cluster modifying its inner structure following the rings merging. As the original ringed structure disappears, a single disk appears. The final configuration has a (well-defined) density peak, and its evolution turns in the final stages are dominated by its activity at the inner edge.https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1997/11/3/88black holesaccretion disksaccretionhydrodynamicsgalaxies, active
spellingShingle Daniela Pugliese
Zdenek Stuchlík
Vladimir Karas
Keplerian Ringed-Disk Viscous-Diffusive Evolution and Combined Independent General Relativistic Evolutions
Universe
black holes
accretion disks
accretion
hydrodynamics
galaxies, active
title Keplerian Ringed-Disk Viscous-Diffusive Evolution and Combined Independent General Relativistic Evolutions
title_full Keplerian Ringed-Disk Viscous-Diffusive Evolution and Combined Independent General Relativistic Evolutions
title_fullStr Keplerian Ringed-Disk Viscous-Diffusive Evolution and Combined Independent General Relativistic Evolutions
title_full_unstemmed Keplerian Ringed-Disk Viscous-Diffusive Evolution and Combined Independent General Relativistic Evolutions
title_short Keplerian Ringed-Disk Viscous-Diffusive Evolution and Combined Independent General Relativistic Evolutions
title_sort keplerian ringed disk viscous diffusive evolution and combined independent general relativistic evolutions
topic black holes
accretion disks
accretion
hydrodynamics
galaxies, active
url https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1997/11/3/88
work_keys_str_mv AT danielapugliese keplerianringeddiskviscousdiffusiveevolutionandcombinedindependentgeneralrelativisticevolutions
AT zdenekstuchlik keplerianringeddiskviscousdiffusiveevolutionandcombinedindependentgeneralrelativisticevolutions
AT vladimirkaras keplerianringeddiskviscousdiffusiveevolutionandcombinedindependentgeneralrelativisticevolutions