Controllability of Bilinear Systems: Lie Theory Approach and Control Sets on Projective Spaces

Bilinear systems can be developed from the point of view of time-varying linear differential equations or from the symmetry of Lie theory, in particular Lie algebras, Lie groups, and Lie semigroups. For bilinear control systems with bounded control range, we analyze when a unique control set (i.e.,...

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Main Authors: Oscar Raúl Condori Mamani, Bartolome Valero Larico, María Luisa Torreblanca, Wolfgang Kliemann
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Mathematics
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/13/14/2273
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author Oscar Raúl Condori Mamani
Bartolome Valero Larico
María Luisa Torreblanca
Wolfgang Kliemann
author_facet Oscar Raúl Condori Mamani
Bartolome Valero Larico
María Luisa Torreblanca
Wolfgang Kliemann
author_sort Oscar Raúl Condori Mamani
collection DOAJ
description Bilinear systems can be developed from the point of view of time-varying linear differential equations or from the symmetry of Lie theory, in particular Lie algebras, Lie groups, and Lie semigroups. For bilinear control systems with bounded control range, we analyze when a unique control set (i.e., a maximal set of approximate controllability) with nonvoid interior exists, for the induced system on projective space. We use the system semigroup by considering piecewise constant controls and use spectral properties to extend the result to bilinear systems in <inline-formula data-eusoft-scrollable-element="1"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" data-eusoft-scrollable-element="1"><semantics data-eusoft-scrollable-element="1"><msup data-eusoft-scrollable-element="1"><mi mathvariant="double-struck" data-eusoft-scrollable-element="1">R</mi><mi data-eusoft-scrollable-element="1">d</mi></msup></semantics></math></inline-formula>. The contribution of this paper highlights the relationship between all the existent control sets. We show that the controllability property of a bilinear system is equivalent to the existence and uniqueness of a control set of the projective system.
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spelling doaj-art-27e032e1efae4fa2903fe4d44d0899ba2025-08-20T03:08:06ZengMDPI AGMathematics2227-73902025-07-011314227310.3390/math13142273Controllability of Bilinear Systems: Lie Theory Approach and Control Sets on Projective SpacesOscar Raúl Condori Mamani0Bartolome Valero Larico1María Luisa Torreblanca2Wolfgang Kliemann3Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Formales, Universidad Nacional de San Agustín de Arequipa, Arequipa 04001, PeruFacultad de Ciencias Naturales y Formales, Universidad Nacional de San Agustín de Arequipa, Arequipa 04001, PeruFacultad de Ciencias Naturales y Formales, Universidad Nacional de San Agustín de Arequipa, Arequipa 04001, PeruDepartment of Mathematics, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USABilinear systems can be developed from the point of view of time-varying linear differential equations or from the symmetry of Lie theory, in particular Lie algebras, Lie groups, and Lie semigroups. For bilinear control systems with bounded control range, we analyze when a unique control set (i.e., a maximal set of approximate controllability) with nonvoid interior exists, for the induced system on projective space. We use the system semigroup by considering piecewise constant controls and use spectral properties to extend the result to bilinear systems in <inline-formula data-eusoft-scrollable-element="1"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline" data-eusoft-scrollable-element="1"><semantics data-eusoft-scrollable-element="1"><msup data-eusoft-scrollable-element="1"><mi mathvariant="double-struck" data-eusoft-scrollable-element="1">R</mi><mi data-eusoft-scrollable-element="1">d</mi></msup></semantics></math></inline-formula>. The contribution of this paper highlights the relationship between all the existent control sets. We show that the controllability property of a bilinear system is equivalent to the existence and uniqueness of a control set of the projective system.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/13/14/2273bilinear control systemsLie theorycontrol setshomogeneous spacesLyapunov exponentsFloquet spectrum
spellingShingle Oscar Raúl Condori Mamani
Bartolome Valero Larico
María Luisa Torreblanca
Wolfgang Kliemann
Controllability of Bilinear Systems: Lie Theory Approach and Control Sets on Projective Spaces
Mathematics
bilinear control systems
Lie theory
control sets
homogeneous spaces
Lyapunov exponents
Floquet spectrum
title Controllability of Bilinear Systems: Lie Theory Approach and Control Sets on Projective Spaces
title_full Controllability of Bilinear Systems: Lie Theory Approach and Control Sets on Projective Spaces
title_fullStr Controllability of Bilinear Systems: Lie Theory Approach and Control Sets on Projective Spaces
title_full_unstemmed Controllability of Bilinear Systems: Lie Theory Approach and Control Sets on Projective Spaces
title_short Controllability of Bilinear Systems: Lie Theory Approach and Control Sets on Projective Spaces
title_sort controllability of bilinear systems lie theory approach and control sets on projective spaces
topic bilinear control systems
Lie theory
control sets
homogeneous spaces
Lyapunov exponents
Floquet spectrum
url https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/13/14/2273
work_keys_str_mv AT oscarraulcondorimamani controllabilityofbilinearsystemslietheoryapproachandcontrolsetsonprojectivespaces
AT bartolomevalerolarico controllabilityofbilinearsystemslietheoryapproachandcontrolsetsonprojectivespaces
AT marialuisatorreblanca controllabilityofbilinearsystemslietheoryapproachandcontrolsetsonprojectivespaces
AT wolfgangkliemann controllabilityofbilinearsystemslietheoryapproachandcontrolsetsonprojectivespaces