Tooth enamel-inspired ceramic coating on metal surface for enhanced mechanical properties and corrosion resistance

Abstract Stiffness-damping balance, high specific mechanical performance, and corrosion resistance are demanded for metals. Here, we developed an enamel-inspired ceramic (EIC) coating strategy involving hydrothermal growth of a tooth enamel-like ZrO₂ nanorods on Zr foil and amorphous ZrO₂ intergranu...

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Main Authors: Shaojia Liu, Jingjing Deng, Hewei Zhao, Tianbai Wang, Junfeng Lu, Baosen Ding, Tianqi Guo, Robert O. Ritchie, Lin Guo
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Nature Communications
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-61060-1
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author Shaojia Liu
Jingjing Deng
Hewei Zhao
Tianbai Wang
Junfeng Lu
Baosen Ding
Tianqi Guo
Robert O. Ritchie
Lin Guo
author_facet Shaojia Liu
Jingjing Deng
Hewei Zhao
Tianbai Wang
Junfeng Lu
Baosen Ding
Tianqi Guo
Robert O. Ritchie
Lin Guo
author_sort Shaojia Liu
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Stiffness-damping balance, high specific mechanical performance, and corrosion resistance are demanded for metals. Here, we developed an enamel-inspired ceramic (EIC) coating strategy involving hydrothermal growth of a tooth enamel-like ZrO₂ nanorods on Zr foil and amorphous ZrO₂ intergranular phase formation via controlled hydrolysis. The EIC coated Zr foil (Zr-EIC) achieved a high viscoelastic figure of merit (4.6 GPa); as well as excellent specific stiffness and hardness owing to the lightweight of ceramics, surpassing the values of Zr and previously reported Zr-based alloys or Zr-based composites. This was due to the vertically oriented stiff nanorods and unique energy dissipation derived from deformation at the crystalline/amorphous interfaces. It demonstrated exceptional NaCl corrosion resistance. This approach showed universality across Ti, Zn, and Cu substrates, enhancing both mechanical properties and corrosion resistance. By constructing an enamel-like hierarchical structure on the metal surface, the strategy overcomes traditional metal limitations without causing an increase in density.
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publishDate 2025-07-01
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record_format Article
series Nature Communications
spelling doaj-art-27de220ca88e4cb6872191984a67f65b2025-08-20T03:03:41ZengNature PortfolioNature Communications2041-17232025-07-0116111310.1038/s41467-025-61060-1Tooth enamel-inspired ceramic coating on metal surface for enhanced mechanical properties and corrosion resistanceShaojia Liu0Jingjing Deng1Hewei Zhao2Tianbai Wang3Junfeng Lu4Baosen Ding5Tianqi Guo6Robert O. Ritchie7Lin Guo8State Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Interfacial Materials Science, Bioinspired Science Innovation center, Hangzhou International Innovation Institute, Beihang UniversityInstitute of Medical Technology, Peking University Health Science CenterState Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Interfacial Materials Science, Bioinspired Science Innovation center, Hangzhou International Innovation Institute, Beihang UniversityState Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Interfacial Materials Science, Bioinspired Science Innovation center, Hangzhou International Innovation Institute, Beihang UniversityState Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Interfacial Materials Science, Bioinspired Science Innovation center, Hangzhou International Innovation Institute, Beihang UniversityState Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Interfacial Materials Science, Bioinspired Science Innovation center, Hangzhou International Innovation Institute, Beihang UniversityInternational Institute for Interdisciplinary and Frontiers, Beihang UniversityDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California BerkeleyState Key Laboratory of Bioinspired Interfacial Materials Science, Bioinspired Science Innovation center, Hangzhou International Innovation Institute, Beihang UniversityAbstract Stiffness-damping balance, high specific mechanical performance, and corrosion resistance are demanded for metals. Here, we developed an enamel-inspired ceramic (EIC) coating strategy involving hydrothermal growth of a tooth enamel-like ZrO₂ nanorods on Zr foil and amorphous ZrO₂ intergranular phase formation via controlled hydrolysis. The EIC coated Zr foil (Zr-EIC) achieved a high viscoelastic figure of merit (4.6 GPa); as well as excellent specific stiffness and hardness owing to the lightweight of ceramics, surpassing the values of Zr and previously reported Zr-based alloys or Zr-based composites. This was due to the vertically oriented stiff nanorods and unique energy dissipation derived from deformation at the crystalline/amorphous interfaces. It demonstrated exceptional NaCl corrosion resistance. This approach showed universality across Ti, Zn, and Cu substrates, enhancing both mechanical properties and corrosion resistance. By constructing an enamel-like hierarchical structure on the metal surface, the strategy overcomes traditional metal limitations without causing an increase in density.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-61060-1
spellingShingle Shaojia Liu
Jingjing Deng
Hewei Zhao
Tianbai Wang
Junfeng Lu
Baosen Ding
Tianqi Guo
Robert O. Ritchie
Lin Guo
Tooth enamel-inspired ceramic coating on metal surface for enhanced mechanical properties and corrosion resistance
Nature Communications
title Tooth enamel-inspired ceramic coating on metal surface for enhanced mechanical properties and corrosion resistance
title_full Tooth enamel-inspired ceramic coating on metal surface for enhanced mechanical properties and corrosion resistance
title_fullStr Tooth enamel-inspired ceramic coating on metal surface for enhanced mechanical properties and corrosion resistance
title_full_unstemmed Tooth enamel-inspired ceramic coating on metal surface for enhanced mechanical properties and corrosion resistance
title_short Tooth enamel-inspired ceramic coating on metal surface for enhanced mechanical properties and corrosion resistance
title_sort tooth enamel inspired ceramic coating on metal surface for enhanced mechanical properties and corrosion resistance
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-61060-1
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