Impact of maternal organic food consumption and diet quality during pregnancy on offspring’s risk of inflammatory bowel disease: findings from a Danish National Birth Cohort Study

BackgroundThis study explores associations of maternal organic food consumption and diet quality during pregnancy with pediatric-onset inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) risk in offspring, including Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC).MethodsPregnant mothers and their offspring were enrol...

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Main Authors: Olivia Mariella Anneberg, Sjurdur Frodi Olsen, Anne Vinkel Hansen, Anne Ahrendt Bjerregaard, Thorhallur Ingi Halldorsson, Tine Jess, Maiara Brusco De Freitas
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-07-01
Series:Frontiers in Nutrition
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2025.1632729/full
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author Olivia Mariella Anneberg
Sjurdur Frodi Olsen
Sjurdur Frodi Olsen
Anne Vinkel Hansen
Anne Ahrendt Bjerregaard
Anne Ahrendt Bjerregaard
Thorhallur Ingi Halldorsson
Thorhallur Ingi Halldorsson
Tine Jess
Tine Jess
Maiara Brusco De Freitas
author_facet Olivia Mariella Anneberg
Sjurdur Frodi Olsen
Sjurdur Frodi Olsen
Anne Vinkel Hansen
Anne Ahrendt Bjerregaard
Anne Ahrendt Bjerregaard
Thorhallur Ingi Halldorsson
Thorhallur Ingi Halldorsson
Tine Jess
Tine Jess
Maiara Brusco De Freitas
author_sort Olivia Mariella Anneberg
collection DOAJ
description BackgroundThis study explores associations of maternal organic food consumption and diet quality during pregnancy with pediatric-onset inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) risk in offspring, including Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC).MethodsPregnant mothers and their offspring were enrolled in the Danish National Birth Cohort, a nationwide prospective cohort study, in 1996–2002. In gestational week 30, telephone interviews assessed overall maternal organic food consumption during pregnancy. In gestational week 25, a food frequency questionnaire assessed maternal diet during the previous 4 weeks, including six different organic food types (eggs, dairy, meat, fruit, vegetables, and cereals). A Healthy Eating Index evaluated maternal diet quality based on adherence to Danish official dietary guidelines. Offspring with pediatric-onset IBD (≤18 years) were identified in national patient registries. Cox regression explored associations of maternal organic food consumption and diet quality during pregnancy with offspring’s risk of pediatric-onset IBD, CD, and UC.ResultsThe study included 60,274 singleton mother–child pairs, of which 168 children developed pediatric-onset IBD. Frequent maternal organic food consumption during pregnancy was not significantly associated with offspring’s IBD risk (HR: 0.63; 95% CI: 0.33–1.19). However, frequent organic food consumption during pregnancy, particularly organic eggs and dairy, lowered offspring’s risk of CD (HR: 0.40; 95% CI: 0.17–0.94), but not UC (HR: 1.11; 95% CI: 0.41–3.00). Maternal diet quality during pregnancy was not significantly associated with offspring’s risk of IBD (HR: 0.99; 95% CI: 0.97–1.01), CD, and UC.ConclusionIn this large prospective cohort study, we show that maternal organic food consumption, particularly eggs and dairy, during pregnancy may lower offspring’s risk of pediatric-onset CD, but not UC.
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spelling doaj-art-27d97d7d8a51453aba57f917e2b404182025-08-20T03:33:37ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Nutrition2296-861X2025-07-011210.3389/fnut.2025.16327291632729Impact of maternal organic food consumption and diet quality during pregnancy on offspring’s risk of inflammatory bowel disease: findings from a Danish National Birth Cohort StudyOlivia Mariella Anneberg0Sjurdur Frodi Olsen1Sjurdur Frodi Olsen2Anne Vinkel Hansen3Anne Ahrendt Bjerregaard4Anne Ahrendt Bjerregaard5Thorhallur Ingi Halldorsson6Thorhallur Ingi Halldorsson7Tine Jess8Tine Jess9Maiara Brusco De Freitas10Center for Molecular Prediction of Inflammatory Bowel Disease—PREDICT, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Copenhagen, DenmarkDepartment of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, DenmarkDepartment of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United StatesCenter for Molecular Prediction of Inflammatory Bowel Disease—PREDICT, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Copenhagen, DenmarkDepartment of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, DenmarkCenter for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital—Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, DenmarkDepartment of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, DenmarkFaculty of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, IcelandCenter for Molecular Prediction of Inflammatory Bowel Disease—PREDICT, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Copenhagen, DenmarkDepartment of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, DenmarkCenter for Molecular Prediction of Inflammatory Bowel Disease—PREDICT, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Copenhagen, DenmarkBackgroundThis study explores associations of maternal organic food consumption and diet quality during pregnancy with pediatric-onset inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) risk in offspring, including Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC).MethodsPregnant mothers and their offspring were enrolled in the Danish National Birth Cohort, a nationwide prospective cohort study, in 1996–2002. In gestational week 30, telephone interviews assessed overall maternal organic food consumption during pregnancy. In gestational week 25, a food frequency questionnaire assessed maternal diet during the previous 4 weeks, including six different organic food types (eggs, dairy, meat, fruit, vegetables, and cereals). A Healthy Eating Index evaluated maternal diet quality based on adherence to Danish official dietary guidelines. Offspring with pediatric-onset IBD (≤18 years) were identified in national patient registries. Cox regression explored associations of maternal organic food consumption and diet quality during pregnancy with offspring’s risk of pediatric-onset IBD, CD, and UC.ResultsThe study included 60,274 singleton mother–child pairs, of which 168 children developed pediatric-onset IBD. Frequent maternal organic food consumption during pregnancy was not significantly associated with offspring’s IBD risk (HR: 0.63; 95% CI: 0.33–1.19). However, frequent organic food consumption during pregnancy, particularly organic eggs and dairy, lowered offspring’s risk of CD (HR: 0.40; 95% CI: 0.17–0.94), but not UC (HR: 1.11; 95% CI: 0.41–3.00). Maternal diet quality during pregnancy was not significantly associated with offspring’s risk of IBD (HR: 0.99; 95% CI: 0.97–1.01), CD, and UC.ConclusionIn this large prospective cohort study, we show that maternal organic food consumption, particularly eggs and dairy, during pregnancy may lower offspring’s risk of pediatric-onset CD, but not UC.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2025.1632729/fullmaternal dietprenatal exposuresnutritional epidemiologypediatric diseasesfetal programmingprenatal diet
spellingShingle Olivia Mariella Anneberg
Sjurdur Frodi Olsen
Sjurdur Frodi Olsen
Anne Vinkel Hansen
Anne Ahrendt Bjerregaard
Anne Ahrendt Bjerregaard
Thorhallur Ingi Halldorsson
Thorhallur Ingi Halldorsson
Tine Jess
Tine Jess
Maiara Brusco De Freitas
Impact of maternal organic food consumption and diet quality during pregnancy on offspring’s risk of inflammatory bowel disease: findings from a Danish National Birth Cohort Study
Frontiers in Nutrition
maternal diet
prenatal exposures
nutritional epidemiology
pediatric diseases
fetal programming
prenatal diet
title Impact of maternal organic food consumption and diet quality during pregnancy on offspring’s risk of inflammatory bowel disease: findings from a Danish National Birth Cohort Study
title_full Impact of maternal organic food consumption and diet quality during pregnancy on offspring’s risk of inflammatory bowel disease: findings from a Danish National Birth Cohort Study
title_fullStr Impact of maternal organic food consumption and diet quality during pregnancy on offspring’s risk of inflammatory bowel disease: findings from a Danish National Birth Cohort Study
title_full_unstemmed Impact of maternal organic food consumption and diet quality during pregnancy on offspring’s risk of inflammatory bowel disease: findings from a Danish National Birth Cohort Study
title_short Impact of maternal organic food consumption and diet quality during pregnancy on offspring’s risk of inflammatory bowel disease: findings from a Danish National Birth Cohort Study
title_sort impact of maternal organic food consumption and diet quality during pregnancy on offspring s risk of inflammatory bowel disease findings from a danish national birth cohort study
topic maternal diet
prenatal exposures
nutritional epidemiology
pediatric diseases
fetal programming
prenatal diet
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2025.1632729/full
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