Performance Analysis of Wireless Sensor Networks Using Damped Oscillation Functions for the Packet Transmission Probability
Wireless sensor networks are composed of many nodes distributed in a region of interest to monitor different environments and physical variables. In many cases, access to nodes is not easy or feasible. As such, the system lifetime is a primary design parameter to consider in the design of these netw...
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MDPI AG
2024-11-01
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| Series: | Computers |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-431X/13/11/285 |
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| author | Izlian Y. Orea-Flores Mario E. Rivero-Angeles Sergio-Jesus Gonzalez-Ambriz Eleazar Aguirre Anaya Sumera Saleem |
| author_facet | Izlian Y. Orea-Flores Mario E. Rivero-Angeles Sergio-Jesus Gonzalez-Ambriz Eleazar Aguirre Anaya Sumera Saleem |
| author_sort | Izlian Y. Orea-Flores |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Wireless sensor networks are composed of many nodes distributed in a region of interest to monitor different environments and physical variables. In many cases, access to nodes is not easy or feasible. As such, the system lifetime is a primary design parameter to consider in the design of these networks. In this regard, for some applications, it is preferable to extend the system lifetime by actively reducing the number of packet transmissions and, thus, the number of reports. The system administrator can be aware of such reporting reduction to distinguish this final phase from a malfunction of the system or even an attack. Given this, we explore different mathematical functions that drastically reduce the number of packet transmissions when the residual energy in the system is low but still allow for an adequate number of transmissions. Indeed, in previous works, where the negative exponential distribution is used, the system reaches the point of zero transmissions extremely fast. Hence, we propose different dampening functions with different decreasing rates that present oscillations to allow for packet transmissions even at the end of the system lifetime. We compare the system performance under these mathematical functions, which, to the best of our knowledge, have never been used before, to find the most adequate transmission scheme for packet transmissions and system lifetime. We develop an analytical model based on a discrete-time Markov chain to show that a moderately decreasing function provides the best results. We also develop a discrete event simulator to validate the analytical results. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-27d8d8989d2e4293b4d2a330fc1315c4 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2073-431X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Computers |
| spelling | doaj-art-27d8d8989d2e4293b4d2a330fc1315c42025-08-20T02:08:14ZengMDPI AGComputers2073-431X2024-11-01131128510.3390/computers13110285Performance Analysis of Wireless Sensor Networks Using Damped Oscillation Functions for the Packet Transmission ProbabilityIzlian Y. Orea-Flores0Mario E. Rivero-Angeles1Sergio-Jesus Gonzalez-Ambriz2Eleazar Aguirre Anaya3Sumera Saleem4Computer Research Center—Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CIC-IPN), Ciudad de Mexico 07700, MexicoComputer Research Center—Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CIC-IPN), Ciudad de Mexico 07700, MexicoCITEDI Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Tijuana 22430, MexicoComputer Research Center—Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CIC-IPN), Ciudad de Mexico 07700, MexicoFaculty of Engineering, Sciences and Technology, Iqra University, Karachi 75500, PakistanWireless sensor networks are composed of many nodes distributed in a region of interest to monitor different environments and physical variables. In many cases, access to nodes is not easy or feasible. As such, the system lifetime is a primary design parameter to consider in the design of these networks. In this regard, for some applications, it is preferable to extend the system lifetime by actively reducing the number of packet transmissions and, thus, the number of reports. The system administrator can be aware of such reporting reduction to distinguish this final phase from a malfunction of the system or even an attack. Given this, we explore different mathematical functions that drastically reduce the number of packet transmissions when the residual energy in the system is low but still allow for an adequate number of transmissions. Indeed, in previous works, where the negative exponential distribution is used, the system reaches the point of zero transmissions extremely fast. Hence, we propose different dampening functions with different decreasing rates that present oscillations to allow for packet transmissions even at the end of the system lifetime. We compare the system performance under these mathematical functions, which, to the best of our knowledge, have never been used before, to find the most adequate transmission scheme for packet transmissions and system lifetime. We develop an analytical model based on a discrete-time Markov chain to show that a moderately decreasing function provides the best results. We also develop a discrete event simulator to validate the analytical results.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-431X/13/11/285teletraffic analysisthroughoutsystem lifetimedampening oscillating functions |
| spellingShingle | Izlian Y. Orea-Flores Mario E. Rivero-Angeles Sergio-Jesus Gonzalez-Ambriz Eleazar Aguirre Anaya Sumera Saleem Performance Analysis of Wireless Sensor Networks Using Damped Oscillation Functions for the Packet Transmission Probability Computers teletraffic analysis throughout system lifetime dampening oscillating functions |
| title | Performance Analysis of Wireless Sensor Networks Using Damped Oscillation Functions for the Packet Transmission Probability |
| title_full | Performance Analysis of Wireless Sensor Networks Using Damped Oscillation Functions for the Packet Transmission Probability |
| title_fullStr | Performance Analysis of Wireless Sensor Networks Using Damped Oscillation Functions for the Packet Transmission Probability |
| title_full_unstemmed | Performance Analysis of Wireless Sensor Networks Using Damped Oscillation Functions for the Packet Transmission Probability |
| title_short | Performance Analysis of Wireless Sensor Networks Using Damped Oscillation Functions for the Packet Transmission Probability |
| title_sort | performance analysis of wireless sensor networks using damped oscillation functions for the packet transmission probability |
| topic | teletraffic analysis throughout system lifetime dampening oscillating functions |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-431X/13/11/285 |
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