The Business Model Conundrum: A Systematic Theme-Centric Literature Review and Future Research Directions

Business models (BMs) are extensively studied by academics and practitioners alike. Yet, there is still no consensus for the term’s precise interpretation, dimensions, and idiosyncratic features. Considering that the BM literature is constantly evolving and nowadays firms commercialize ideas and tec...

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Main Authors: Dimitris Manolopoulos, Michail S. Xenakis
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: SAGE Publishing 2025-05-01
Series:SAGE Open
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440251339940
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author Dimitris Manolopoulos
Michail S. Xenakis
author_facet Dimitris Manolopoulos
Michail S. Xenakis
author_sort Dimitris Manolopoulos
collection DOAJ
description Business models (BMs) are extensively studied by academics and practitioners alike. Yet, there is still no consensus for the term’s precise interpretation, dimensions, and idiosyncratic features. Considering that the BM literature is constantly evolving and nowadays firms commercialize ideas and technologies through their BMs more than ever, this shortcoming poses a major challenge to both the academic and business community. In this vein, scholars have made concerted efforts to offer several literature reviews. Nonetheless, in the methodological front most of them rely on fragmented suggestions without clear guiding frameworks. At the conceptual level, a majority of these contributions is disproportionally oriented toward digital-driven business model innovation. In view of the steady increase in BMs’ importance within the academic and organizational milieu, we aim to revisit the literature and provide a multi-method review; with the overall scope to accommodate the diverse research objectives pertinent in the extant research and trace a future roadmap. Our combination of systematic literature review (SLR) analysis with bibliometric elements assessed 174 peer-reviewed publications and concluded in four – partly overlapping – research streams: (1) business model concept, (2) business model design, (3) business model innovation, and (4) business model portfolios. Suggestions for future research endeavors in each one of these streams are further discussed.
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spelling doaj-art-27d1db1a075545bb92acedbd2df7be712025-08-20T01:52:45ZengSAGE PublishingSAGE Open2158-24402025-05-011510.1177/21582440251339940The Business Model Conundrum: A Systematic Theme-Centric Literature Review and Future Research DirectionsDimitris Manolopoulos0Michail S. Xenakis1 Athens University of Economics and Business, Greece Deree – The American College of Greece, Athens, GreeceBusiness models (BMs) are extensively studied by academics and practitioners alike. Yet, there is still no consensus for the term’s precise interpretation, dimensions, and idiosyncratic features. Considering that the BM literature is constantly evolving and nowadays firms commercialize ideas and technologies through their BMs more than ever, this shortcoming poses a major challenge to both the academic and business community. In this vein, scholars have made concerted efforts to offer several literature reviews. Nonetheless, in the methodological front most of them rely on fragmented suggestions without clear guiding frameworks. At the conceptual level, a majority of these contributions is disproportionally oriented toward digital-driven business model innovation. In view of the steady increase in BMs’ importance within the academic and organizational milieu, we aim to revisit the literature and provide a multi-method review; with the overall scope to accommodate the diverse research objectives pertinent in the extant research and trace a future roadmap. Our combination of systematic literature review (SLR) analysis with bibliometric elements assessed 174 peer-reviewed publications and concluded in four – partly overlapping – research streams: (1) business model concept, (2) business model design, (3) business model innovation, and (4) business model portfolios. Suggestions for future research endeavors in each one of these streams are further discussed.https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440251339940
spellingShingle Dimitris Manolopoulos
Michail S. Xenakis
The Business Model Conundrum: A Systematic Theme-Centric Literature Review and Future Research Directions
SAGE Open
title The Business Model Conundrum: A Systematic Theme-Centric Literature Review and Future Research Directions
title_full The Business Model Conundrum: A Systematic Theme-Centric Literature Review and Future Research Directions
title_fullStr The Business Model Conundrum: A Systematic Theme-Centric Literature Review and Future Research Directions
title_full_unstemmed The Business Model Conundrum: A Systematic Theme-Centric Literature Review and Future Research Directions
title_short The Business Model Conundrum: A Systematic Theme-Centric Literature Review and Future Research Directions
title_sort business model conundrum a systematic theme centric literature review and future research directions
url https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440251339940
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