Harnessing <i>Stevia rebaudiana</i> for Zinc Oxide Nanoparticle Green Synthesis: A Sustainable Solution to Combat Multidrug-Resistant Bacterial Pathogens
The rise of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria in food products poses a significant threat to public health, necessitating innovative and sustainable antimicrobial solutions. This study investigates the green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) using <i>Stevia rebaudiana</i>...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2025-02-01
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| Series: | Nanomaterials |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/15/5/369 |
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| author | Mohamed Tharwat Elabbasy Rasha M. El Bayomi Esraa A. Abdelkarim Abd El-Salam E. Hafez Mohamed S. Othman Mohamed E. Ghoniem Mai A. Samak Muteb H. Alshammari Fahad Awwadh Almarshadi Tamer Elsamahy Mohamed A. Hussein |
| author_facet | Mohamed Tharwat Elabbasy Rasha M. El Bayomi Esraa A. Abdelkarim Abd El-Salam E. Hafez Mohamed S. Othman Mohamed E. Ghoniem Mai A. Samak Muteb H. Alshammari Fahad Awwadh Almarshadi Tamer Elsamahy Mohamed A. Hussein |
| author_sort | Mohamed Tharwat Elabbasy |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The rise of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria in food products poses a significant threat to public health, necessitating innovative and sustainable antimicrobial solutions. This study investigates the green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) using <i>Stevia rebaudiana</i> extracts to evaluate their antibacterial and antibiofilm activities against MDR <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> strains isolated from sold fish samples. The obtained results show that the contamination with <i>S. aureus</i> reached 54.2% in the tested fish samples (<i>n</i> = 120), underscoring the urgent need for effective interventions. ZnO-NPs were successfully synthesized and characterized using UV-visible spectroscopy, FT-IR, XRD, and TEM, confirming their formation with an average size of 15.7 nm and reflecting their suitability for antimicrobial and biological applications. ZnO-NPs exhibited potent antibacterial activity, with a maximum inhibition zone of 24.4 ± 0.4 mm at 20 μg/disk, MIC values of 6.25–25 μg/mL, and MBC values of 12.5–50 μg/mL. Additionally, biofilm formation was inhibited by up to 92.1% at 250 μg/mL. Our mechanistic study confirmed that ZnO-NPs damage bacterial membranes and DNA, leading to the intracellular leakage of cell components that lead to bacterial cell lysis. The use of <i>S. rebaudiana</i> in ZnO-NP synthesis aligns with green chemistry principles, offering an eco-friendly alternative to conventional antibiotics and enhancing the bioactivity of ZnO-NPs, and may address the growing issue of antimicrobial resistance, thereby contributing to improved food safety and public health protection. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-27c5f817907848fe9d0f60aa6c60f861 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2079-4991 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nanomaterials |
| spelling | doaj-art-27c5f817907848fe9d0f60aa6c60f8612025-08-20T02:06:12ZengMDPI AGNanomaterials2079-49912025-02-0115536910.3390/nano15050369Harnessing <i>Stevia rebaudiana</i> for Zinc Oxide Nanoparticle Green Synthesis: A Sustainable Solution to Combat Multidrug-Resistant Bacterial PathogensMohamed Tharwat Elabbasy0Rasha M. El Bayomi1Esraa A. Abdelkarim2Abd El-Salam E. Hafez3Mohamed S. Othman4Mohamed E. Ghoniem5Mai A. Samak6Muteb H. Alshammari7Fahad Awwadh Almarshadi8Tamer Elsamahy9Mohamed A. Hussein10Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Ha’il, Ha’il 55476, Saudi ArabiaFood Control Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, EgyptFood Control Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, EgyptFood Control Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, EgyptDepartment of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Ha’il, Ha’il 55476, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ha’il, Ha’il 2240, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Ha’il, Ha’il 55476, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Health Informatics, College of Public Health and Health Informatics, University of Ha’il, Ha’il 55476, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Public Health, College of Public Health and Health Informatics, University of Ha’il, Ha’il 55476, Saudi ArabiaIndependent Researcher, Zhenjiang 212013, ChinaFood Control Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, EgyptThe rise of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria in food products poses a significant threat to public health, necessitating innovative and sustainable antimicrobial solutions. This study investigates the green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) using <i>Stevia rebaudiana</i> extracts to evaluate their antibacterial and antibiofilm activities against MDR <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> strains isolated from sold fish samples. The obtained results show that the contamination with <i>S. aureus</i> reached 54.2% in the tested fish samples (<i>n</i> = 120), underscoring the urgent need for effective interventions. ZnO-NPs were successfully synthesized and characterized using UV-visible spectroscopy, FT-IR, XRD, and TEM, confirming their formation with an average size of 15.7 nm and reflecting their suitability for antimicrobial and biological applications. ZnO-NPs exhibited potent antibacterial activity, with a maximum inhibition zone of 24.4 ± 0.4 mm at 20 μg/disk, MIC values of 6.25–25 μg/mL, and MBC values of 12.5–50 μg/mL. Additionally, biofilm formation was inhibited by up to 92.1% at 250 μg/mL. Our mechanistic study confirmed that ZnO-NPs damage bacterial membranes and DNA, leading to the intracellular leakage of cell components that lead to bacterial cell lysis. The use of <i>S. rebaudiana</i> in ZnO-NP synthesis aligns with green chemistry principles, offering an eco-friendly alternative to conventional antibiotics and enhancing the bioactivity of ZnO-NPs, and may address the growing issue of antimicrobial resistance, thereby contributing to improved food safety and public health protection.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/15/5/369<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>zinc oxide nanoparticlesgreen synthesisantibacterial activityantimicrobial resistancefood safety |
| spellingShingle | Mohamed Tharwat Elabbasy Rasha M. El Bayomi Esraa A. Abdelkarim Abd El-Salam E. Hafez Mohamed S. Othman Mohamed E. Ghoniem Mai A. Samak Muteb H. Alshammari Fahad Awwadh Almarshadi Tamer Elsamahy Mohamed A. Hussein Harnessing <i>Stevia rebaudiana</i> for Zinc Oxide Nanoparticle Green Synthesis: A Sustainable Solution to Combat Multidrug-Resistant Bacterial Pathogens Nanomaterials <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> zinc oxide nanoparticles green synthesis antibacterial activity antimicrobial resistance food safety |
| title | Harnessing <i>Stevia rebaudiana</i> for Zinc Oxide Nanoparticle Green Synthesis: A Sustainable Solution to Combat Multidrug-Resistant Bacterial Pathogens |
| title_full | Harnessing <i>Stevia rebaudiana</i> for Zinc Oxide Nanoparticle Green Synthesis: A Sustainable Solution to Combat Multidrug-Resistant Bacterial Pathogens |
| title_fullStr | Harnessing <i>Stevia rebaudiana</i> for Zinc Oxide Nanoparticle Green Synthesis: A Sustainable Solution to Combat Multidrug-Resistant Bacterial Pathogens |
| title_full_unstemmed | Harnessing <i>Stevia rebaudiana</i> for Zinc Oxide Nanoparticle Green Synthesis: A Sustainable Solution to Combat Multidrug-Resistant Bacterial Pathogens |
| title_short | Harnessing <i>Stevia rebaudiana</i> for Zinc Oxide Nanoparticle Green Synthesis: A Sustainable Solution to Combat Multidrug-Resistant Bacterial Pathogens |
| title_sort | harnessing i stevia rebaudiana i for zinc oxide nanoparticle green synthesis a sustainable solution to combat multidrug resistant bacterial pathogens |
| topic | <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> zinc oxide nanoparticles green synthesis antibacterial activity antimicrobial resistance food safety |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/15/5/369 |
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