Urinary Gamma-Glutamil Transferase as an Early Biomarker of Renal Disease in Dogs with Leishmaniosis
Canine leishmaniosis, caused by <i>Leishmania infantum</i>, is a zoonotic disease often leading to chronic kidney disease (CKD). Early detection of renal damage is critical for prognosis and treatment, as conventional biomarkers, such as serum creatinine and symmetric dimethylarginine (S...
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MDPI AG
2025-05-01
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| author | Patricia Ruiz Inmaculada Sevidane Angela Durán Ana Belén García Beatriz Macías-García Rafael Barrera |
| author_facet | Patricia Ruiz Inmaculada Sevidane Angela Durán Ana Belén García Beatriz Macías-García Rafael Barrera |
| author_sort | Patricia Ruiz |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Canine leishmaniosis, caused by <i>Leishmania infantum</i>, is a zoonotic disease often leading to chronic kidney disease (CKD). Early detection of renal damage is critical for prognosis and treatment, as conventional biomarkers, such as serum creatinine and symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA), are inadequate for detecting early stages of renal dysfunction. This study evaluates the urinary gamma-glutamyl transferase-to-creatinine ratio (uGGT/c) as an early biomarker for renal injury in dogs with leishmaniosis, including 17 healthy dogs and 77 dogs with leishmaniosis, categorized using the International Renal Interest Society (IRIS) guidelines. Plasma and urinary parameters, including uGGT/c, were analyzed. Elevated uGGT/c ratios were observed in over 50% of non-azotemic and non-proteinuric dogs and all dogs with mild-to-moderate proteinuria. The uGGT/c ratio demonstrated a 90.4% sensitivity and 80% specificity for early detection of renal tubular damage, outperforming plasma creatinine (44.2%) and SDMA (51.9%). The uGGT/c ratio correlated strongly with proteinuria (UPC; r = 0.716, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and SDMA (r = 0.591, <i>p</i> < 0.001), indicating its usefulness as an early indicator of renal dysfunction. Despite the small sample size, the implementation of the uGGT/c ratio as promising biomarker could improve early diagnosis and clinical intervention, helping to avoid irreversible renal damage in dogs affected by leishmaniosis. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-27beb8b59c6a44dda9985fd161d63696 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2306-7381 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Veterinary Sciences |
| spelling | doaj-art-27beb8b59c6a44dda9985fd161d636962025-08-20T02:33:51ZengMDPI AGVeterinary Sciences2306-73812025-05-0112543610.3390/vetsci12050436Urinary Gamma-Glutamil Transferase as an Early Biomarker of Renal Disease in Dogs with LeishmaniosisPatricia Ruiz0Inmaculada Sevidane1Angela Durán2Ana Belén García3Beatriz Macías-García4Rafael Barrera5MINVET Research Group, Departamento de Medicina Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, SpainHospital Clínico Veterinario, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, SpainHospital Clínico Veterinario, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, SpainHospital Clínico Veterinario, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, SpainMINVET Research Group, Departamento de Medicina Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, SpainMINVET Research Group, Departamento de Medicina Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, SpainCanine leishmaniosis, caused by <i>Leishmania infantum</i>, is a zoonotic disease often leading to chronic kidney disease (CKD). Early detection of renal damage is critical for prognosis and treatment, as conventional biomarkers, such as serum creatinine and symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA), are inadequate for detecting early stages of renal dysfunction. This study evaluates the urinary gamma-glutamyl transferase-to-creatinine ratio (uGGT/c) as an early biomarker for renal injury in dogs with leishmaniosis, including 17 healthy dogs and 77 dogs with leishmaniosis, categorized using the International Renal Interest Society (IRIS) guidelines. Plasma and urinary parameters, including uGGT/c, were analyzed. Elevated uGGT/c ratios were observed in over 50% of non-azotemic and non-proteinuric dogs and all dogs with mild-to-moderate proteinuria. The uGGT/c ratio demonstrated a 90.4% sensitivity and 80% specificity for early detection of renal tubular damage, outperforming plasma creatinine (44.2%) and SDMA (51.9%). The uGGT/c ratio correlated strongly with proteinuria (UPC; r = 0.716, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and SDMA (r = 0.591, <i>p</i> < 0.001), indicating its usefulness as an early indicator of renal dysfunction. Despite the small sample size, the implementation of the uGGT/c ratio as promising biomarker could improve early diagnosis and clinical intervention, helping to avoid irreversible renal damage in dogs affected by leishmaniosis.https://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/12/5/436canine leishmaniosischronic kidney diseaseearly biomarkeruGGT/c ratio |
| spellingShingle | Patricia Ruiz Inmaculada Sevidane Angela Durán Ana Belén García Beatriz Macías-García Rafael Barrera Urinary Gamma-Glutamil Transferase as an Early Biomarker of Renal Disease in Dogs with Leishmaniosis Veterinary Sciences canine leishmaniosis chronic kidney disease early biomarker uGGT/c ratio |
| title | Urinary Gamma-Glutamil Transferase as an Early Biomarker of Renal Disease in Dogs with Leishmaniosis |
| title_full | Urinary Gamma-Glutamil Transferase as an Early Biomarker of Renal Disease in Dogs with Leishmaniosis |
| title_fullStr | Urinary Gamma-Glutamil Transferase as an Early Biomarker of Renal Disease in Dogs with Leishmaniosis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Urinary Gamma-Glutamil Transferase as an Early Biomarker of Renal Disease in Dogs with Leishmaniosis |
| title_short | Urinary Gamma-Glutamil Transferase as an Early Biomarker of Renal Disease in Dogs with Leishmaniosis |
| title_sort | urinary gamma glutamil transferase as an early biomarker of renal disease in dogs with leishmaniosis |
| topic | canine leishmaniosis chronic kidney disease early biomarker uGGT/c ratio |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/12/5/436 |
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