Large Ring Test for Evaluation of Restrained Shrinkage Cracking: Calibration and Experimental Trial
The durability of shotcrete tunnel linings is significantly affected by restrained shrinkage cracking. Given the unique characteristics of shotcrete applied in tunnel linings, especially when dealing with accelerated shotcrete containing reinforcement fibres, it is necessary to upscale the ring test...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2024-01-01
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| Series: | Advances in Civil Engineering |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2024/6698625 |
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| author | Zhongyu Xu Lucija Hanžič Harry Asche Jurij Karlovšek |
| author_facet | Zhongyu Xu Lucija Hanžič Harry Asche Jurij Karlovšek |
| author_sort | Zhongyu Xu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The durability of shotcrete tunnel linings is significantly affected by restrained shrinkage cracking. Given the unique characteristics of shotcrete applied in tunnel linings, especially when dealing with accelerated shotcrete containing reinforcement fibres, it is necessary to upscale the ring test commonly used. This paper presents a comprehensive experiment using large ring tests with cast concrete to investigate the impact of upscaling ring test geometry. The two ring specimens demonstrated comparable cracking age (22 days) and strain measured in the steel ring, suggesting that consistent results can be obtained through the proposed instrumentation, calibration, and correction methods. Moreover, the estimated induced tensile stresses of the concrete rings (2.8 and 2.7 MPa) are slightly lower than the predicted tensile strength (3.3 MPa) at the age of cracking, which indicates that some driving forces contributing to restrained shrinkage cracking were not indicated in the strain gauge readings. Furthermore, the study identified multi-crack formation and additional potential causes for crack initiation, which include self-restraint due to the moisture gradient in the vertical direction, deflection of the concrete ring caused by its self-weight, and friction on the contact surface of the support. Therefore, optimising the geometry of the ring specimens and the apparatus is imperative to minimise additional driving forces and unmeasurable restraints for crack initiation, especially when employing the stress rate method to assess cracking potential. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-27b9ff27ebb84b8db0969f1b9cff79dd |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1687-8094 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Advances in Civil Engineering |
| spelling | doaj-art-27b9ff27ebb84b8db0969f1b9cff79dd2025-08-20T03:17:59ZengWileyAdvances in Civil Engineering1687-80942024-01-01202410.1155/2024/6698625Large Ring Test for Evaluation of Restrained Shrinkage Cracking: Calibration and Experimental TrialZhongyu Xu0Lucija Hanžič1Harry Asche2Jurij Karlovšek3School of Civil EngineeringSlovenian National Building and Civil Engineering Institute (ZAG)School of Civil EngineeringSchool of Civil EngineeringThe durability of shotcrete tunnel linings is significantly affected by restrained shrinkage cracking. Given the unique characteristics of shotcrete applied in tunnel linings, especially when dealing with accelerated shotcrete containing reinforcement fibres, it is necessary to upscale the ring test commonly used. This paper presents a comprehensive experiment using large ring tests with cast concrete to investigate the impact of upscaling ring test geometry. The two ring specimens demonstrated comparable cracking age (22 days) and strain measured in the steel ring, suggesting that consistent results can be obtained through the proposed instrumentation, calibration, and correction methods. Moreover, the estimated induced tensile stresses of the concrete rings (2.8 and 2.7 MPa) are slightly lower than the predicted tensile strength (3.3 MPa) at the age of cracking, which indicates that some driving forces contributing to restrained shrinkage cracking were not indicated in the strain gauge readings. Furthermore, the study identified multi-crack formation and additional potential causes for crack initiation, which include self-restraint due to the moisture gradient in the vertical direction, deflection of the concrete ring caused by its self-weight, and friction on the contact surface of the support. Therefore, optimising the geometry of the ring specimens and the apparatus is imperative to minimise additional driving forces and unmeasurable restraints for crack initiation, especially when employing the stress rate method to assess cracking potential.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2024/6698625 |
| spellingShingle | Zhongyu Xu Lucija Hanžič Harry Asche Jurij Karlovšek Large Ring Test for Evaluation of Restrained Shrinkage Cracking: Calibration and Experimental Trial Advances in Civil Engineering |
| title | Large Ring Test for Evaluation of Restrained Shrinkage Cracking: Calibration and Experimental Trial |
| title_full | Large Ring Test for Evaluation of Restrained Shrinkage Cracking: Calibration and Experimental Trial |
| title_fullStr | Large Ring Test for Evaluation of Restrained Shrinkage Cracking: Calibration and Experimental Trial |
| title_full_unstemmed | Large Ring Test for Evaluation of Restrained Shrinkage Cracking: Calibration and Experimental Trial |
| title_short | Large Ring Test for Evaluation of Restrained Shrinkage Cracking: Calibration and Experimental Trial |
| title_sort | large ring test for evaluation of restrained shrinkage cracking calibration and experimental trial |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2024/6698625 |
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