Fast Evolving Glioblastoma in a Pregnant Woman: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Challenges

<b>Background and Clinical Significance:</b> Gliomas diagnosed during pregnancy are rare, and there are no established guidelines for their management. Effective treatment requires a multidisciplinary approach to balance maternal health and pregnancy preservation. <b>Case Presentat...

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Main Authors: Ivan Bogdanovic, Rosanda Ilic, Aleksandar Kostic, Aleksandar Miljkovic, Filip Milisavljevic, Marija M. Janjic, Ivana M. Bjelobaba, Danijela Savic, Vladimir Bascarevic
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Diagnostics
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/15/15/1836
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author Ivan Bogdanovic
Rosanda Ilic
Aleksandar Kostic
Aleksandar Miljkovic
Filip Milisavljevic
Marija M. Janjic
Ivana M. Bjelobaba
Danijela Savic
Vladimir Bascarevic
author_facet Ivan Bogdanovic
Rosanda Ilic
Aleksandar Kostic
Aleksandar Miljkovic
Filip Milisavljevic
Marija M. Janjic
Ivana M. Bjelobaba
Danijela Savic
Vladimir Bascarevic
author_sort Ivan Bogdanovic
collection DOAJ
description <b>Background and Clinical Significance:</b> Gliomas diagnosed during pregnancy are rare, and there are no established guidelines for their management. Effective treatment requires a multidisciplinary approach to balance maternal health and pregnancy preservation. <b>Case Presentation:</b> We here present a case of rapidly progressing glioma in a 33-year-old pregnant woman. The patient initially presented with a generalized tonic–clonic seizure at 21 weeks’ gestation. Imaging revealed a tumor in the right cerebral lobe, involving both cortical and subcortical structures, while magnetic resonance spectroscopy suggested a low-grade glioma. The patient remained clinically stable for two months but then developed severe headaches; MRI showed a worsening mass effect. At 34 weeks’ gestation, an emergency and premature caesarean section was performed under general anesthesia. The patient then underwent a craniotomy for maximal tumor resection, which was histologically and molecularly diagnosed as IDH wild-type glioblastoma (GB). Using qPCR, we found that the GB tissue showed upregulated expression of genes involved in cell structure (<i>GFAP</i>, <i>VIM</i>) and immune response (<i>SSP1</i>, <i>TSPO</i>), as well as increased expression of genes related to potential hormone response (<i>AR</i>, <i>CYP19A1</i>, <i>ESR1</i>, <i>GPER1</i>). After surgery, the patient showed resistance to Stupp protocol therapy, which was substituted with lomustine and bevacizumab combination therapy. <b>Conclusions:</b> This case illustrates that glioma may progress rapidly during pregnancy, but a favorable obstetric outcome is achievable. Management of similar cases should respect both the need for timely treatment and the patient’s informed decision.
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spelling doaj-art-27b4874f27264d44b2427c9b7cfeeed92025-08-20T04:00:54ZengMDPI AGDiagnostics2075-44182025-07-011515183610.3390/diagnostics15151836Fast Evolving Glioblastoma in a Pregnant Woman: Diagnostic and Therapeutic ChallengesIvan Bogdanovic0Rosanda Ilic1Aleksandar Kostic2Aleksandar Miljkovic3Filip Milisavljevic4Marija M. Janjic5Ivana M. Bjelobaba6Danijela Savic7Vladimir Bascarevic8University Clinical Center of Serbia, Clinic for Neurosurgery, 11000 Belgrade, SerbiaUniversity Clinical Center of Serbia, Clinic for Neurosurgery, 11000 Belgrade, SerbiaUniversity Clinical Center of Serbia, Clinic for Neurosurgery, 11000 Belgrade, SerbiaUniversity Clinical Center of Serbia, Clinic for Neurosurgery, 11000 Belgrade, SerbiaUniversity Clinical Center of Serbia, Clinic for Neurosurgery, 11000 Belgrade, SerbiaInstitute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, SerbiaInstitute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, SerbiaInstitute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, SerbiaUniversity Clinical Center of Serbia, Clinic for Neurosurgery, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia<b>Background and Clinical Significance:</b> Gliomas diagnosed during pregnancy are rare, and there are no established guidelines for their management. Effective treatment requires a multidisciplinary approach to balance maternal health and pregnancy preservation. <b>Case Presentation:</b> We here present a case of rapidly progressing glioma in a 33-year-old pregnant woman. The patient initially presented with a generalized tonic–clonic seizure at 21 weeks’ gestation. Imaging revealed a tumor in the right cerebral lobe, involving both cortical and subcortical structures, while magnetic resonance spectroscopy suggested a low-grade glioma. The patient remained clinically stable for two months but then developed severe headaches; MRI showed a worsening mass effect. At 34 weeks’ gestation, an emergency and premature caesarean section was performed under general anesthesia. The patient then underwent a craniotomy for maximal tumor resection, which was histologically and molecularly diagnosed as IDH wild-type glioblastoma (GB). Using qPCR, we found that the GB tissue showed upregulated expression of genes involved in cell structure (<i>GFAP</i>, <i>VIM</i>) and immune response (<i>SSP1</i>, <i>TSPO</i>), as well as increased expression of genes related to potential hormone response (<i>AR</i>, <i>CYP19A1</i>, <i>ESR1</i>, <i>GPER1</i>). After surgery, the patient showed resistance to Stupp protocol therapy, which was substituted with lomustine and bevacizumab combination therapy. <b>Conclusions:</b> This case illustrates that glioma may progress rapidly during pregnancy, but a favorable obstetric outcome is achievable. Management of similar cases should respect both the need for timely treatment and the patient’s informed decision.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/15/15/1836pregnancybrain cancermagnetic resonance spectroscopyglioblastoma therapymaternal–fetal outcome
spellingShingle Ivan Bogdanovic
Rosanda Ilic
Aleksandar Kostic
Aleksandar Miljkovic
Filip Milisavljevic
Marija M. Janjic
Ivana M. Bjelobaba
Danijela Savic
Vladimir Bascarevic
Fast Evolving Glioblastoma in a Pregnant Woman: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Challenges
Diagnostics
pregnancy
brain cancer
magnetic resonance spectroscopy
glioblastoma therapy
maternal–fetal outcome
title Fast Evolving Glioblastoma in a Pregnant Woman: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Challenges
title_full Fast Evolving Glioblastoma in a Pregnant Woman: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Challenges
title_fullStr Fast Evolving Glioblastoma in a Pregnant Woman: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Challenges
title_full_unstemmed Fast Evolving Glioblastoma in a Pregnant Woman: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Challenges
title_short Fast Evolving Glioblastoma in a Pregnant Woman: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Challenges
title_sort fast evolving glioblastoma in a pregnant woman diagnostic and therapeutic challenges
topic pregnancy
brain cancer
magnetic resonance spectroscopy
glioblastoma therapy
maternal–fetal outcome
url https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/15/15/1836
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