Effect of thermocycling on flexural strength of dental CAD/CAM ceramics of variable thicknesses and structures: an in vitro study [version 3; peer review: 1 approved, 2 approved with reservations, 1 not approved]

Background This study examined the effect of thermocycling on the flexural strength properties of four CAD/CAM ceramic materials at different thicknesses. Methods Four CAD/CAM ceramics of different types: advanced lithium disilicate (ALD), zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate (ZLS) lithium disilicat...

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Main Authors: Shahad T. Alameer, Laila Al Dehailan, Sultan Akhtar, Turki Alshehri, Nourhan M. Aly, Yousif A. Al-Dulaijan, Passent Ellakany
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: F1000 Research Ltd 2025-08-01
Series:F1000Research
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Online Access:https://f1000research.com/articles/13-1310/v3
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author Shahad T. Alameer
Laila Al Dehailan
Sultan Akhtar
Turki Alshehri
Nourhan M. Aly
Yousif A. Al-Dulaijan
Passent Ellakany
author_facet Shahad T. Alameer
Laila Al Dehailan
Sultan Akhtar
Turki Alshehri
Nourhan M. Aly
Yousif A. Al-Dulaijan
Passent Ellakany
author_sort Shahad T. Alameer
collection DOAJ
description Background This study examined the effect of thermocycling on the flexural strength properties of four CAD/CAM ceramic materials at different thicknesses. Methods Four CAD/CAM ceramics of different types: advanced lithium disilicate (ALD), zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate (ZLS) lithium disilicate (LD), and leucite reinforced (LE), and at three varying thicknesses 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 mm were examined. After subjecting all specimens to 5000 thermal cycles, flexural strength was determined using a universal testing apparatus. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was employed for analysis. Two factorial ANOVA models assessed the association of different factors (ceramic type and thickness) with flexural strength and elastic modulus. The 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and adjusted means were computed. A p-value < 0.05 was designated significant. Results ZLS exhibited the highest flexural strength at 1.5 mm thickness, while LD showed the highest Young’s modulus of elasticity. The lowest flexural strength was observed in the 0.5 mm thickness group of all tested groups. There were notable variations in flexural strength across all ceramic materials, with the highest adjusted mean strength in the ZLS group, ALD, LD, and LE, respectively. Additionally, significant differences were noted in ceramic thickness, with 1.5 mm thickness showing the highest strength and 0.5 mm thickness the lowest. Conclusions Ceramic material thickness significantly impacts flexural strength, with 1.5 mm thickness deemed suitable for posterior restorations. Ceramic materials with zirconia fillers or matrix demonstrated higher flexural strength than other ceramics.
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spelling doaj-art-27a25eed00d6468da41899a91d7a9d162025-08-20T03:36:58ZengF1000 Research LtdF1000Research2046-14022025-08-011310.12688/f1000research.157128.3185985Effect of thermocycling on flexural strength of dental CAD/CAM ceramics of variable thicknesses and structures: an in vitro study [version 3; peer review: 1 approved, 2 approved with reservations, 1 not approved]Shahad T. Alameer0https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5469-3493Laila Al Dehailan1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1240-7022Sultan Akhtar2Turki Alshehri3https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7575-1587Nourhan M. Aly4Yousif A. Al-Dulaijan5https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8180-8903Passent Ellakany6https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2995-8111Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University College of Dentistry, Dammam, Eastern Province, 31441, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Eastern Province, 31441, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Biophysics Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Eastern Province, 31441, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Eastern Province, 31441, Saudi ArabiaPediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Alexandria Governorate, 21527, EgyptDepartment of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Eastern Province, 31441, Saudi ArabiaDivision of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35209, USABackground This study examined the effect of thermocycling on the flexural strength properties of four CAD/CAM ceramic materials at different thicknesses. Methods Four CAD/CAM ceramics of different types: advanced lithium disilicate (ALD), zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate (ZLS) lithium disilicate (LD), and leucite reinforced (LE), and at three varying thicknesses 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 mm were examined. After subjecting all specimens to 5000 thermal cycles, flexural strength was determined using a universal testing apparatus. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was employed for analysis. Two factorial ANOVA models assessed the association of different factors (ceramic type and thickness) with flexural strength and elastic modulus. The 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and adjusted means were computed. A p-value < 0.05 was designated significant. Results ZLS exhibited the highest flexural strength at 1.5 mm thickness, while LD showed the highest Young’s modulus of elasticity. The lowest flexural strength was observed in the 0.5 mm thickness group of all tested groups. There were notable variations in flexural strength across all ceramic materials, with the highest adjusted mean strength in the ZLS group, ALD, LD, and LE, respectively. Additionally, significant differences were noted in ceramic thickness, with 1.5 mm thickness showing the highest strength and 0.5 mm thickness the lowest. Conclusions Ceramic material thickness significantly impacts flexural strength, with 1.5 mm thickness deemed suitable for posterior restorations. Ceramic materials with zirconia fillers or matrix demonstrated higher flexural strength than other ceramics.https://f1000research.com/articles/13-1310/v3 CAD/CAM Ceramics Flexural Strength Thickness Compositioneng
spellingShingle Shahad T. Alameer
Laila Al Dehailan
Sultan Akhtar
Turki Alshehri
Nourhan M. Aly
Yousif A. Al-Dulaijan
Passent Ellakany
Effect of thermocycling on flexural strength of dental CAD/CAM ceramics of variable thicknesses and structures: an in vitro study [version 3; peer review: 1 approved, 2 approved with reservations, 1 not approved]
F1000Research
CAD/CAM
Ceramics
Flexural Strength
Thickness
Composition
eng
title Effect of thermocycling on flexural strength of dental CAD/CAM ceramics of variable thicknesses and structures: an in vitro study [version 3; peer review: 1 approved, 2 approved with reservations, 1 not approved]
title_full Effect of thermocycling on flexural strength of dental CAD/CAM ceramics of variable thicknesses and structures: an in vitro study [version 3; peer review: 1 approved, 2 approved with reservations, 1 not approved]
title_fullStr Effect of thermocycling on flexural strength of dental CAD/CAM ceramics of variable thicknesses and structures: an in vitro study [version 3; peer review: 1 approved, 2 approved with reservations, 1 not approved]
title_full_unstemmed Effect of thermocycling on flexural strength of dental CAD/CAM ceramics of variable thicknesses and structures: an in vitro study [version 3; peer review: 1 approved, 2 approved with reservations, 1 not approved]
title_short Effect of thermocycling on flexural strength of dental CAD/CAM ceramics of variable thicknesses and structures: an in vitro study [version 3; peer review: 1 approved, 2 approved with reservations, 1 not approved]
title_sort effect of thermocycling on flexural strength of dental cad cam ceramics of variable thicknesses and structures an in vitro study version 3 peer review 1 approved 2 approved with reservations 1 not approved
topic CAD/CAM
Ceramics
Flexural Strength
Thickness
Composition
eng
url https://f1000research.com/articles/13-1310/v3
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