Accurate and Efficient Characterization of a High Voltage Capacitor by Fitting Single Discharge Experiments With a Simple Circuit Theory

A capacitor is ideally considered as a pure capacitance, but under practical conditions, it also exhibits some resistive and inductive properties, called equivalent series resistance (ESR) and equivalent series inductance (ESL), respectively. These ESR and ESL characteristics are usually ignored in...

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Main Authors: Po-Yu Chang, Kaviya Aranganadin, Hua-Yi Hsu, Ming-Chieh Lin
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IEEE 2025-01-01
Series:IEEE Access
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Online Access:https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11059927/
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author Po-Yu Chang
Kaviya Aranganadin
Hua-Yi Hsu
Ming-Chieh Lin
author_facet Po-Yu Chang
Kaviya Aranganadin
Hua-Yi Hsu
Ming-Chieh Lin
author_sort Po-Yu Chang
collection DOAJ
description A capacitor is ideally considered as a pure capacitance, but under practical conditions, it also exhibits some resistive and inductive properties, called equivalent series resistance (ESR) and equivalent series inductance (ESL), respectively. These ESR and ESL characteristics are usually ignored in most cases as a first approximation. For high-power and/or high-frequency applications, especially pulsed systems, designed to achieve an accurate and reliable output, it is important to take these parasitic effects into consideration in circuit designs and operations. Conventionally, two capacitors are used, and two discharge tests are required to obtain the ESR and ESL values of the capacitors using a differential method. Besides, the two capacitors have to be identical. This makes an accurate determination very difficult and inefficient. In this work, we introduce a new method that can accurately and efficiently characterize the ESR, ESL, and capacitance of a high-voltage capacitor in a single discharge test employing only one capacitor and a spark gap. The electrical characterization is obtained by fitting the voltage drop across the capacitor and the current flowing through the spark gap during the discharge with simple circuit equations using a multiple linear regression method. Furthermore, the experiments have also been modeled more completely with PSpice simulations, resulting in good agreement and providing better understanding. It is found that the ESR, ESL, and capacitance obtained from the proposed methodology are consistent with the PSpice predictions, within differences of 5.71%, 4%, and 0.92%, respectively, in the demonstrated experiments.
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spelling doaj-art-277d520193e149f5be112b5d395d3c362025-08-20T03:28:40ZengIEEEIEEE Access2169-35362025-01-011311516011516610.1109/ACCESS.2025.358451911059927Accurate and Efficient Characterization of a High Voltage Capacitor by Fitting Single Discharge Experiments With a Simple Circuit TheoryPo-Yu Chang0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2293-6980Kaviya Aranganadin1https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4279-2483Hua-Yi Hsu2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8857-5452Ming-Chieh Lin3https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1653-6590Institute of Space and Plasma Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, TaiwanDepartment of Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, Multidisciplinary Computational Laboratory, Hanyang University, Seoul, South KoreaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, TaiwanDepartment of Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, Multidisciplinary Computational Laboratory, Hanyang University, Seoul, South KoreaA capacitor is ideally considered as a pure capacitance, but under practical conditions, it also exhibits some resistive and inductive properties, called equivalent series resistance (ESR) and equivalent series inductance (ESL), respectively. These ESR and ESL characteristics are usually ignored in most cases as a first approximation. For high-power and/or high-frequency applications, especially pulsed systems, designed to achieve an accurate and reliable output, it is important to take these parasitic effects into consideration in circuit designs and operations. Conventionally, two capacitors are used, and two discharge tests are required to obtain the ESR and ESL values of the capacitors using a differential method. Besides, the two capacitors have to be identical. This makes an accurate determination very difficult and inefficient. In this work, we introduce a new method that can accurately and efficiently characterize the ESR, ESL, and capacitance of a high-voltage capacitor in a single discharge test employing only one capacitor and a spark gap. The electrical characterization is obtained by fitting the voltage drop across the capacitor and the current flowing through the spark gap during the discharge with simple circuit equations using a multiple linear regression method. Furthermore, the experiments have also been modeled more completely with PSpice simulations, resulting in good agreement and providing better understanding. It is found that the ESR, ESL, and capacitance obtained from the proposed methodology are consistent with the PSpice predictions, within differences of 5.71%, 4%, and 0.92%, respectively, in the demonstrated experiments.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11059927/ESLESRhigh voltage capacitormultiple linear regression methodnew efficient methodsingle discharge experiments
spellingShingle Po-Yu Chang
Kaviya Aranganadin
Hua-Yi Hsu
Ming-Chieh Lin
Accurate and Efficient Characterization of a High Voltage Capacitor by Fitting Single Discharge Experiments With a Simple Circuit Theory
IEEE Access
ESL
ESR
high voltage capacitor
multiple linear regression method
new efficient method
single discharge experiments
title Accurate and Efficient Characterization of a High Voltage Capacitor by Fitting Single Discharge Experiments With a Simple Circuit Theory
title_full Accurate and Efficient Characterization of a High Voltage Capacitor by Fitting Single Discharge Experiments With a Simple Circuit Theory
title_fullStr Accurate and Efficient Characterization of a High Voltage Capacitor by Fitting Single Discharge Experiments With a Simple Circuit Theory
title_full_unstemmed Accurate and Efficient Characterization of a High Voltage Capacitor by Fitting Single Discharge Experiments With a Simple Circuit Theory
title_short Accurate and Efficient Characterization of a High Voltage Capacitor by Fitting Single Discharge Experiments With a Simple Circuit Theory
title_sort accurate and efficient characterization of a high voltage capacitor by fitting single discharge experiments with a simple circuit theory
topic ESL
ESR
high voltage capacitor
multiple linear regression method
new efficient method
single discharge experiments
url https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11059927/
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AT huayihsu accurateandefficientcharacterizationofahighvoltagecapacitorbyfittingsingledischargeexperimentswithasimplecircuittheory
AT mingchiehlin accurateandefficientcharacterizationofahighvoltagecapacitorbyfittingsingledischargeexperimentswithasimplecircuittheory