Snow effects on brash ice and level ice growth
Brash ice formation and accumulation occur at a faster rate in ship channels, harbours and turning areas compared to the surrounding level ice. Accurate prediction of brash ice thickness plays an important role in addressing operational challenges and optimisation of ice management strategies. This...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Cambridge University Press
2024-01-01
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| Series: | Journal of Glaciology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0022143024000054/type/journal_article |
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| _version_ | 1841526479901425664 |
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| author | Vasiola Zhaka Robert Bridges Kaj Riska Jonny Nilimaa Andrzej Cwirzen |
| author_facet | Vasiola Zhaka Robert Bridges Kaj Riska Jonny Nilimaa Andrzej Cwirzen |
| author_sort | Vasiola Zhaka |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Brash ice formation and accumulation occur at a faster rate in ship channels, harbours and turning areas compared to the surrounding level ice. Accurate prediction of brash ice thickness plays an important role in addressing operational challenges and optimisation of ice management strategies. This study enhances existing brash ice growth models by considering the effects of snow and accounting for brash ice expulsion towards the sides of ship channels at each passage. To validate the influence of these critical factors on brash ice thickness, three distinct ship channels located in the Bay of Bothnia, Luleå, Sweden, were investigated. For two test channels formed for study purposes, the slower growth rate of brash ice caused by snow insulation was more prominent than the brash ice growth acceleration caused by the snow–slush–snow ice transformation. In the third channel characterised by frequent navigation, the transformation of slush into snow ice played a more substantial role than snow insulation. In both test channels, the brash ice growth model performed optimally, assuming a 10% expulsion of brash ice sideways at each vessel passage. In the third, wider and more frequently navigated channel, a 1.2% brash ice expelling coefficient predicted well the measured brash ice thicknesses. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-277b85f93dd94725b60284e3e495747f |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 0022-1430 1727-5652 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | Cambridge University Press |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Glaciology |
| spelling | doaj-art-277b85f93dd94725b60284e3e495747f2025-01-16T21:47:14ZengCambridge University PressJournal of Glaciology0022-14301727-56522024-01-017010.1017/jog.2024.5Snow effects on brash ice and level ice growthVasiola Zhaka0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4042-4110Robert Bridges1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9526-0192Kaj Riska2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3546-1785Jonny Nilimaa3https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1398-6118Andrzej Cwirzen4https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6287-2240Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, 97187 Luleå, SwedenTotal Energies SE, Paris, FranceFormerly TOTAL SA, Paris, FranceDepartment of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, 97187 Luleå, SwedenDepartment of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, 97187 Luleå, SwedenBrash ice formation and accumulation occur at a faster rate in ship channels, harbours and turning areas compared to the surrounding level ice. Accurate prediction of brash ice thickness plays an important role in addressing operational challenges and optimisation of ice management strategies. This study enhances existing brash ice growth models by considering the effects of snow and accounting for brash ice expulsion towards the sides of ship channels at each passage. To validate the influence of these critical factors on brash ice thickness, three distinct ship channels located in the Bay of Bothnia, Luleå, Sweden, were investigated. For two test channels formed for study purposes, the slower growth rate of brash ice caused by snow insulation was more prominent than the brash ice growth acceleration caused by the snow–slush–snow ice transformation. In the third channel characterised by frequent navigation, the transformation of slush into snow ice played a more substantial role than snow insulation. In both test channels, the brash ice growth model performed optimally, assuming a 10% expulsion of brash ice sideways at each vessel passage. In the third, wider and more frequently navigated channel, a 1.2% brash ice expelling coefficient predicted well the measured brash ice thicknesses.https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0022143024000054/type/journal_articleice/atmosphere interactionssea icesea-ice growth and decaysea-ice modellingsnow physics |
| spellingShingle | Vasiola Zhaka Robert Bridges Kaj Riska Jonny Nilimaa Andrzej Cwirzen Snow effects on brash ice and level ice growth Journal of Glaciology ice/atmosphere interactions sea ice sea-ice growth and decay sea-ice modelling snow physics |
| title | Snow effects on brash ice and level ice growth |
| title_full | Snow effects on brash ice and level ice growth |
| title_fullStr | Snow effects on brash ice and level ice growth |
| title_full_unstemmed | Snow effects on brash ice and level ice growth |
| title_short | Snow effects on brash ice and level ice growth |
| title_sort | snow effects on brash ice and level ice growth |
| topic | ice/atmosphere interactions sea ice sea-ice growth and decay sea-ice modelling snow physics |
| url | https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0022143024000054/type/journal_article |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT vasiolazhaka snoweffectsonbrashiceandlevelicegrowth AT robertbridges snoweffectsonbrashiceandlevelicegrowth AT kajriska snoweffectsonbrashiceandlevelicegrowth AT jonnynilimaa snoweffectsonbrashiceandlevelicegrowth AT andrzejcwirzen snoweffectsonbrashiceandlevelicegrowth |