B cell development: transcriptional regulation and immunological mechanisms in homeostasis

B lymphocytes are essential elements of the adaptive immune response, performing critical functions such as antigen presentation, cytokine secretion, and antibody production. Their development follows a tightly regulated progression from hematopoietic stem cells to differentiated plasma or memory ce...

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Main Authors: Jorge Gómez-Manríquez, Jorge Hernández-Bello, José Francisco Muñoz-Valle, Sonia Sifuentes-Franco, Omar Graciano-Machuca, José Javier Morales-Núñez
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-08-01
Series:Frontiers in Immunology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1593338/full
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author Jorge Gómez-Manríquez
Jorge Hernández-Bello
José Francisco Muñoz-Valle
Sonia Sifuentes-Franco
Omar Graciano-Machuca
José Javier Morales-Núñez
José Javier Morales-Núñez
author_facet Jorge Gómez-Manríquez
Jorge Hernández-Bello
José Francisco Muñoz-Valle
Sonia Sifuentes-Franco
Omar Graciano-Machuca
José Javier Morales-Núñez
José Javier Morales-Núñez
author_sort Jorge Gómez-Manríquez
collection DOAJ
description B lymphocytes are essential elements of the adaptive immune response, performing critical functions such as antigen presentation, cytokine secretion, and antibody production. Their development follows a tightly regulated progression from hematopoietic stem cells to differentiated plasma or memory cells, orchestraeted by key transcriptional factors including PU.1, Ikaros, E2A, Pax-5, and BCL6. These factors govern gene expression essential for processes such as V(D)J recombination, somatic hypermutation, and immunoglobulin class switching—ensuring proper lineage commitment and the maintenance of immunological tolerance. Dysregulation of these pathways, whether through genetic or epigenetic alterations or chronic inflammatory stimuli, can result in autoimmunity, persistent inflammation, or B cell malignancies. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the transcriptional and immunological mechanisms underlying B cell development and homeostasis, emphasizing their roles in disease pathophysiology and potential as therapeutic targets.
format Article
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institution DOAJ
issn 1664-3224
language English
publishDate 2025-08-01
publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
record_format Article
series Frontiers in Immunology
spelling doaj-art-276ecc4074584c72bc1ad11a01cd6bf22025-08-20T02:55:07ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242025-08-011610.3389/fimmu.2025.15933381593338B cell development: transcriptional regulation and immunological mechanisms in homeostasisJorge Gómez-Manríquez0Jorge Hernández-Bello1José Francisco Muñoz-Valle2Sonia Sifuentes-Franco3Omar Graciano-Machuca4José Javier Morales-Núñez5José Javier Morales-Núñez6Programa Educativo Médico Cirujano y Partero, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, MexicoInstituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas (IICB), Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, MexicoInstituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas (IICB), Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, MexicoLaboratorio de Ciencias Clínicas, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Centro Universitario de los Valles, Universidad de Guadalajara, Ameca, Jalisco, MexicoLaboratorio de Ciencias Clínicas, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Centro Universitario de los Valles, Universidad de Guadalajara, Ameca, Jalisco, MexicoLaboratorio de Ciencias Clínicas, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Centro Universitario de los Valles, Universidad de Guadalajara, Ameca, Jalisco, MexicoDepartamento de Morfología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, MexicoB lymphocytes are essential elements of the adaptive immune response, performing critical functions such as antigen presentation, cytokine secretion, and antibody production. Their development follows a tightly regulated progression from hematopoietic stem cells to differentiated plasma or memory cells, orchestraeted by key transcriptional factors including PU.1, Ikaros, E2A, Pax-5, and BCL6. These factors govern gene expression essential for processes such as V(D)J recombination, somatic hypermutation, and immunoglobulin class switching—ensuring proper lineage commitment and the maintenance of immunological tolerance. Dysregulation of these pathways, whether through genetic or epigenetic alterations or chronic inflammatory stimuli, can result in autoimmunity, persistent inflammation, or B cell malignancies. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the transcriptional and immunological mechanisms underlying B cell development and homeostasis, emphasizing their roles in disease pathophysiology and potential as therapeutic targets.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1593338/fullB lymphocyteB cell receptortranscriptional factorstoleranceimmunoglobulins
spellingShingle Jorge Gómez-Manríquez
Jorge Hernández-Bello
José Francisco Muñoz-Valle
Sonia Sifuentes-Franco
Omar Graciano-Machuca
José Javier Morales-Núñez
José Javier Morales-Núñez
B cell development: transcriptional regulation and immunological mechanisms in homeostasis
Frontiers in Immunology
B lymphocyte
B cell receptor
transcriptional factors
tolerance
immunoglobulins
title B cell development: transcriptional regulation and immunological mechanisms in homeostasis
title_full B cell development: transcriptional regulation and immunological mechanisms in homeostasis
title_fullStr B cell development: transcriptional regulation and immunological mechanisms in homeostasis
title_full_unstemmed B cell development: transcriptional regulation and immunological mechanisms in homeostasis
title_short B cell development: transcriptional regulation and immunological mechanisms in homeostasis
title_sort b cell development transcriptional regulation and immunological mechanisms in homeostasis
topic B lymphocyte
B cell receptor
transcriptional factors
tolerance
immunoglobulins
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1593338/full
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