FACS‐Sortable Triple Emulsion Picoreactors for Screening Reactions in Biphasic Environments
Abstract Biphasic environments can enable successful chemical reactions where any single solvent results in poor substrate solubility or poor catalyst reactivity. For screening biphasic reactions at high throughput, a platform based on microfluidic double emulsions can use widely available FACS (Flu...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley-VCH
2025-02-01
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| Series: | Advanced Materials Interfaces |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1002/admi.202400403 |
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| author | Samuel Thompson Yanrong Zhang Zijian Yang Lisa Nichols Polly M. Fordyce |
| author_facet | Samuel Thompson Yanrong Zhang Zijian Yang Lisa Nichols Polly M. Fordyce |
| author_sort | Samuel Thompson |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Biphasic environments can enable successful chemical reactions where any single solvent results in poor substrate solubility or poor catalyst reactivity. For screening biphasic reactions at high throughput, a platform based on microfluidic double emulsions can use widely available FACS (Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorting) machines to screen millions of picoliter reactors in a few hours. However, encapsulating biphasic reactions within double emulsions to form FACS‐sortable droplet picoreactors requires optimized solvent phases and surfactants to produce triple emulsion droplets that are stable over multi‐hour assays and compatible with desired reaction conditions. This work demonstrates such FACS‐sortable triple emulsion picoreactors with a fluorocarbon shell and biphasic octanol‐in‐water core. First, surfactants are screened to stabilize octanol‐in‐water emulsions for the picoreactor core. With these optimized conditions, stable triple emulsion picoreactors (>70% of droplets survived to 24 hr), produced protein in the biphasic core via cell‐free protein synthesis are generated, and sorted these triple emulsions based on fluorescence using a commercial FACS sorter at >100 Hz with 75–80% of droplets recovered. Finally, an in‐droplet lipase assay with a fluorogenic resorufin substrate that partitions into octanol is demonstrated. These triple emulsion picoreactors have the potential for future screening bead‐encoded catalyst libraries, including enzymes such as lipases for biofuel production. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-276daf698836481198f5860cfbc5ac22 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2196-7350 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | Wiley-VCH |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Advanced Materials Interfaces |
| spelling | doaj-art-276daf698836481198f5860cfbc5ac222025-02-03T13:24:05ZengWiley-VCHAdvanced Materials Interfaces2196-73502025-02-01123n/an/a10.1002/admi.202400403FACS‐Sortable Triple Emulsion Picoreactors for Screening Reactions in Biphasic EnvironmentsSamuel Thompson0Yanrong Zhang1Zijian Yang2Lisa Nichols3Polly M. Fordyce4Department of Genetics Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USAStanford Shared FACS Facility Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USADepartment of Radiology Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USACenter for Molecular and Genetic Medicine Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USADepartment of Genetics Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USAAbstract Biphasic environments can enable successful chemical reactions where any single solvent results in poor substrate solubility or poor catalyst reactivity. For screening biphasic reactions at high throughput, a platform based on microfluidic double emulsions can use widely available FACS (Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorting) machines to screen millions of picoliter reactors in a few hours. However, encapsulating biphasic reactions within double emulsions to form FACS‐sortable droplet picoreactors requires optimized solvent phases and surfactants to produce triple emulsion droplets that are stable over multi‐hour assays and compatible with desired reaction conditions. This work demonstrates such FACS‐sortable triple emulsion picoreactors with a fluorocarbon shell and biphasic octanol‐in‐water core. First, surfactants are screened to stabilize octanol‐in‐water emulsions for the picoreactor core. With these optimized conditions, stable triple emulsion picoreactors (>70% of droplets survived to 24 hr), produced protein in the biphasic core via cell‐free protein synthesis are generated, and sorted these triple emulsions based on fluorescence using a commercial FACS sorter at >100 Hz with 75–80% of droplets recovered. Finally, an in‐droplet lipase assay with a fluorogenic resorufin substrate that partitions into octanol is demonstrated. These triple emulsion picoreactors have the potential for future screening bead‐encoded catalyst libraries, including enzymes such as lipases for biofuel production.https://doi.org/10.1002/admi.202400403biphasic reactionscatalystdirected evolutiondropletsFACSmicrofluidics |
| spellingShingle | Samuel Thompson Yanrong Zhang Zijian Yang Lisa Nichols Polly M. Fordyce FACS‐Sortable Triple Emulsion Picoreactors for Screening Reactions in Biphasic Environments Advanced Materials Interfaces biphasic reactions catalyst directed evolution droplets FACS microfluidics |
| title | FACS‐Sortable Triple Emulsion Picoreactors for Screening Reactions in Biphasic Environments |
| title_full | FACS‐Sortable Triple Emulsion Picoreactors for Screening Reactions in Biphasic Environments |
| title_fullStr | FACS‐Sortable Triple Emulsion Picoreactors for Screening Reactions in Biphasic Environments |
| title_full_unstemmed | FACS‐Sortable Triple Emulsion Picoreactors for Screening Reactions in Biphasic Environments |
| title_short | FACS‐Sortable Triple Emulsion Picoreactors for Screening Reactions in Biphasic Environments |
| title_sort | facs sortable triple emulsion picoreactors for screening reactions in biphasic environments |
| topic | biphasic reactions catalyst directed evolution droplets FACS microfluidics |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1002/admi.202400403 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT samuelthompson facssortabletripleemulsionpicoreactorsforscreeningreactionsinbiphasicenvironments AT yanrongzhang facssortabletripleemulsionpicoreactorsforscreeningreactionsinbiphasicenvironments AT zijianyang facssortabletripleemulsionpicoreactorsforscreeningreactionsinbiphasicenvironments AT lisanichols facssortabletripleemulsionpicoreactorsforscreeningreactionsinbiphasicenvironments AT pollymfordyce facssortabletripleemulsionpicoreactorsforscreeningreactionsinbiphasicenvironments |