Hybrid Adhesive Hydrogel Patch Containing Genipin-Crosslinked Gelatin–Hyaluronic Acid for Future Use in Atopic Dermatitis
Hydrogel patches have gained significant attention in wound healing applications as they are similar to hydrogel dressings due to their moisture-retentive properties, biocompatibility, and ability to promote tissue regeneration. In this study, gelatin-based hydrogels crosslinked with genipin and inc...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2025-05-01
|
| Series: | Journal of Functional Biomaterials |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/16/6/195 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1849432928772161536 |
|---|---|
| author | Nurul Ain Zawawi Manira Maarof Nur Izzah Md Fadilah Daniel Looi Qi Hao Yasuhiko Tabata Mh Busra Fauzi |
| author_facet | Nurul Ain Zawawi Manira Maarof Nur Izzah Md Fadilah Daniel Looi Qi Hao Yasuhiko Tabata Mh Busra Fauzi |
| author_sort | Nurul Ain Zawawi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Hydrogel patches have gained significant attention in wound healing applications as they are similar to hydrogel dressings due to their moisture-retentive properties, biocompatibility, and ability to promote tissue regeneration. In this study, gelatin-based hydrogels crosslinked with genipin and incorporated with hyaluronic acid (HA) were developed to enhance mechanical stability, swelling behavior, and structural integrity. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), thermogravimetric (TGA), and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analyses were conducted and confirmed successful crosslinking and good thermal stability, ensuring hydrogel durability under physiological conditions. The optimized hydrogel (GE_HA_GNP) exhibited a sufficient water vapor transmission rate (WVTR), swelling ratio, and contact angle, allowing for effective wound exudate absorption and hydration maintenance, which is essential for accelerated healing. The findings demonstrate that the crosslinked hydrogels were able to maintain a WVTR of 500 to 1500 gm<sup>−2</sup> day<sup>−1</sup>, a contact angle of >40°, and a swelling ratio of 700–1000%. The combination of genipin as a crosslinker and the addition of HA significantly improved the mechanical properties and biocompatibility of the hydrogels, making them promising candidates for an alternative treatment for atopic dermatitis and a potential wound dress-ing. Furthermore, the hydrogel patches show potential for future drug delivery appli-cations, with further studies required to evaluate their antimicrobial properties and long-term clinical performance. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-27660ab73c6244ef841661ea0af8ddbd |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2079-4983 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Functional Biomaterials |
| spelling | doaj-art-27660ab73c6244ef841661ea0af8ddbd2025-08-20T03:27:14ZengMDPI AGJournal of Functional Biomaterials2079-49832025-05-0116619510.3390/jfb16060195Hybrid Adhesive Hydrogel Patch Containing Genipin-Crosslinked Gelatin–Hyaluronic Acid for Future Use in Atopic DermatitisNurul Ain Zawawi0Manira Maarof1Nur Izzah Md Fadilah2Daniel Looi Qi Hao3Yasuhiko Tabata4Mh Busra Fauzi5Department of Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, MalaysiaDepartment of Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, MalaysiaDepartment of Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, MalaysiaMy Cytohealth Sdn Bhd, Hive 5, Taman Teknologi, MRANTI, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, MalaysiaCell Biotechnology Group, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, South Research Bldg. No.1 (Institute for Life and Medical Sciences) 53 Kawara-cho Shogoin, Kyoto 606-8507, Sakyo-ku, JapanDepartment of Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, MalaysiaHydrogel patches have gained significant attention in wound healing applications as they are similar to hydrogel dressings due to their moisture-retentive properties, biocompatibility, and ability to promote tissue regeneration. In this study, gelatin-based hydrogels crosslinked with genipin and incorporated with hyaluronic acid (HA) were developed to enhance mechanical stability, swelling behavior, and structural integrity. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), thermogravimetric (TGA), and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analyses were conducted and confirmed successful crosslinking and good thermal stability, ensuring hydrogel durability under physiological conditions. The optimized hydrogel (GE_HA_GNP) exhibited a sufficient water vapor transmission rate (WVTR), swelling ratio, and contact angle, allowing for effective wound exudate absorption and hydration maintenance, which is essential for accelerated healing. The findings demonstrate that the crosslinked hydrogels were able to maintain a WVTR of 500 to 1500 gm<sup>−2</sup> day<sup>−1</sup>, a contact angle of >40°, and a swelling ratio of 700–1000%. The combination of genipin as a crosslinker and the addition of HA significantly improved the mechanical properties and biocompatibility of the hydrogels, making them promising candidates for an alternative treatment for atopic dermatitis and a potential wound dress-ing. Furthermore, the hydrogel patches show potential for future drug delivery appli-cations, with further studies required to evaluate their antimicrobial properties and long-term clinical performance.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/16/6/195hydrogel patchnatural biomaterialgelatinhyaluronic acidgenipinatopic dermatitis |
| spellingShingle | Nurul Ain Zawawi Manira Maarof Nur Izzah Md Fadilah Daniel Looi Qi Hao Yasuhiko Tabata Mh Busra Fauzi Hybrid Adhesive Hydrogel Patch Containing Genipin-Crosslinked Gelatin–Hyaluronic Acid for Future Use in Atopic Dermatitis Journal of Functional Biomaterials hydrogel patch natural biomaterial gelatin hyaluronic acid genipin atopic dermatitis |
| title | Hybrid Adhesive Hydrogel Patch Containing Genipin-Crosslinked Gelatin–Hyaluronic Acid for Future Use in Atopic Dermatitis |
| title_full | Hybrid Adhesive Hydrogel Patch Containing Genipin-Crosslinked Gelatin–Hyaluronic Acid for Future Use in Atopic Dermatitis |
| title_fullStr | Hybrid Adhesive Hydrogel Patch Containing Genipin-Crosslinked Gelatin–Hyaluronic Acid for Future Use in Atopic Dermatitis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Hybrid Adhesive Hydrogel Patch Containing Genipin-Crosslinked Gelatin–Hyaluronic Acid for Future Use in Atopic Dermatitis |
| title_short | Hybrid Adhesive Hydrogel Patch Containing Genipin-Crosslinked Gelatin–Hyaluronic Acid for Future Use in Atopic Dermatitis |
| title_sort | hybrid adhesive hydrogel patch containing genipin crosslinked gelatin hyaluronic acid for future use in atopic dermatitis |
| topic | hydrogel patch natural biomaterial gelatin hyaluronic acid genipin atopic dermatitis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/16/6/195 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT nurulainzawawi hybridadhesivehydrogelpatchcontaininggenipincrosslinkedgelatinhyaluronicacidforfutureuseinatopicdermatitis AT maniramaarof hybridadhesivehydrogelpatchcontaininggenipincrosslinkedgelatinhyaluronicacidforfutureuseinatopicdermatitis AT nurizzahmdfadilah hybridadhesivehydrogelpatchcontaininggenipincrosslinkedgelatinhyaluronicacidforfutureuseinatopicdermatitis AT daniellooiqihao hybridadhesivehydrogelpatchcontaininggenipincrosslinkedgelatinhyaluronicacidforfutureuseinatopicdermatitis AT yasuhikotabata hybridadhesivehydrogelpatchcontaininggenipincrosslinkedgelatinhyaluronicacidforfutureuseinatopicdermatitis AT mhbusrafauzi hybridadhesivehydrogelpatchcontaininggenipincrosslinkedgelatinhyaluronicacidforfutureuseinatopicdermatitis |