Survival impact and risk factors of skeletal muscle loss during first-line EGFR-TKIs therapy in advanced lung adenocarcinoma patients

Abstract Purpose The impact of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) on muscle mass in individuals with advanced lung cancer has yet to be fully delineated. This study aimed to examine the dynamics of skeletal muscle mass during EGFR-TKIs targeted therapy, elucida...

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Main Authors: Xin Nie, Mingzhu Zou, Chenhui Song, Ping Zhang, Di Ma, Di Cui, Gang Cheng, Lin Li
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-03-01
Series:BMC Cancer
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-025-13775-z
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author Xin Nie
Mingzhu Zou
Chenhui Song
Ping Zhang
Di Ma
Di Cui
Gang Cheng
Lin Li
author_facet Xin Nie
Mingzhu Zou
Chenhui Song
Ping Zhang
Di Ma
Di Cui
Gang Cheng
Lin Li
author_sort Xin Nie
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Purpose The impact of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) on muscle mass in individuals with advanced lung cancer has yet to be fully delineated. This study aimed to examine the dynamics of skeletal muscle mass during EGFR-TKIs targeted therapy, elucidate its clinical relevance, and explore the potential mechanisms. Methods We retrospectively recruited 104 patients with EGFR-mutant advanced lung adenocarcinoma who received icotinib or afatinib as first-line treatment. Skeletal muscle changes were assessed by abdominal CT obtained before and during treatment with EGFR-TKIs. The mean interval (± SD) between two CT scans was 109 days (± 16 days). Targeted panel sequencing of tumor tissue was used to detect genetic alterations. Functional enrichment analysis of genes interacting with EGFR-TKIs and muscle loss was performed to elucidate the potential toxicological mechanisms. Results A total of 42 (40.4%) patients experienced muscle loss during targeted therapy. Genetic analysis indicated muscle loss group had a higher proportion of MDM2 amplification and PIK3CA alterations (p = 0.011 & p = 0.045, respectively).Patients with baseline low muscle density and experienced ≥ Grade 2 diarrhea had higher rate of muscle loss (p = 0.005 & p < 0.001, respectively). Multivariate analysis revealed that muscle loss was independently associated with shorter PFS (hazard ratio [HR] 1.86, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.09 ∼ 3.18; p = 0.023). Besides, we found genes associated with icotinib, afatinib and muscle loss were significantly enriched in MAPK signaling pathway and calcium signaling pathway. Conclusions This study highlights the high prevalence and detrimental impact of muscle loss during EGFR-TKIs treatment.
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spelling doaj-art-2745db0ffdff464192c9f7bbb9c0d94a2025-08-20T01:57:45ZengBMCBMC Cancer1471-24072025-03-012511910.1186/s12885-025-13775-zSurvival impact and risk factors of skeletal muscle loss during first-line EGFR-TKIs therapy in advanced lung adenocarcinoma patientsXin Nie0Mingzhu Zou1Chenhui Song2Ping Zhang3Di Ma4Di Cui5Gang Cheng6Lin Li7Department of Medical Oncology Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesDepartment of Radiology Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesChongqing Kingbiotech CorporationDepartment of Medical Oncology Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesDepartment of Medical Oncology Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesDepartment of Pathology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesDepartment of Medical Oncology Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesDepartment of Medical Oncology Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesAbstract Purpose The impact of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) on muscle mass in individuals with advanced lung cancer has yet to be fully delineated. This study aimed to examine the dynamics of skeletal muscle mass during EGFR-TKIs targeted therapy, elucidate its clinical relevance, and explore the potential mechanisms. Methods We retrospectively recruited 104 patients with EGFR-mutant advanced lung adenocarcinoma who received icotinib or afatinib as first-line treatment. Skeletal muscle changes were assessed by abdominal CT obtained before and during treatment with EGFR-TKIs. The mean interval (± SD) between two CT scans was 109 days (± 16 days). Targeted panel sequencing of tumor tissue was used to detect genetic alterations. Functional enrichment analysis of genes interacting with EGFR-TKIs and muscle loss was performed to elucidate the potential toxicological mechanisms. Results A total of 42 (40.4%) patients experienced muscle loss during targeted therapy. Genetic analysis indicated muscle loss group had a higher proportion of MDM2 amplification and PIK3CA alterations (p = 0.011 & p = 0.045, respectively).Patients with baseline low muscle density and experienced ≥ Grade 2 diarrhea had higher rate of muscle loss (p = 0.005 & p < 0.001, respectively). Multivariate analysis revealed that muscle loss was independently associated with shorter PFS (hazard ratio [HR] 1.86, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.09 ∼ 3.18; p = 0.023). Besides, we found genes associated with icotinib, afatinib and muscle loss were significantly enriched in MAPK signaling pathway and calcium signaling pathway. Conclusions This study highlights the high prevalence and detrimental impact of muscle loss during EGFR-TKIs treatment.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-025-13775-zEpidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitorsSkeletal muscle massLung adenocarcinoma
spellingShingle Xin Nie
Mingzhu Zou
Chenhui Song
Ping Zhang
Di Ma
Di Cui
Gang Cheng
Lin Li
Survival impact and risk factors of skeletal muscle loss during first-line EGFR-TKIs therapy in advanced lung adenocarcinoma patients
BMC Cancer
Epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors
Skeletal muscle mass
Lung adenocarcinoma
title Survival impact and risk factors of skeletal muscle loss during first-line EGFR-TKIs therapy in advanced lung adenocarcinoma patients
title_full Survival impact and risk factors of skeletal muscle loss during first-line EGFR-TKIs therapy in advanced lung adenocarcinoma patients
title_fullStr Survival impact and risk factors of skeletal muscle loss during first-line EGFR-TKIs therapy in advanced lung adenocarcinoma patients
title_full_unstemmed Survival impact and risk factors of skeletal muscle loss during first-line EGFR-TKIs therapy in advanced lung adenocarcinoma patients
title_short Survival impact and risk factors of skeletal muscle loss during first-line EGFR-TKIs therapy in advanced lung adenocarcinoma patients
title_sort survival impact and risk factors of skeletal muscle loss during first line egfr tkis therapy in advanced lung adenocarcinoma patients
topic Epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors
Skeletal muscle mass
Lung adenocarcinoma
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-025-13775-z
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