Autonomous Aircraft Tactical Pop-Up Attack Using Imitation and Generative Learning

This study presents a methodology for developing models that replicate the complex pop-up attack maneuver in air combat operations, using flight data from a Brazilian Air Force pilot in a 6-degree-of-freedom flight simulator. By applying imitation learning techniques and comparing three algorithms &...

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Main Authors: Joao P. A. Dantas, Marcos R. O. A. Maximo, Takashi Yoneyama
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IEEE 2025-01-01
Series:IEEE Access
Subjects:
Online Access:https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10988533/
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author Joao P. A. Dantas
Marcos R. O. A. Maximo
Takashi Yoneyama
author_facet Joao P. A. Dantas
Marcos R. O. A. Maximo
Takashi Yoneyama
author_sort Joao P. A. Dantas
collection DOAJ
description This study presents a methodology for developing models that replicate the complex pop-up attack maneuver in air combat operations, using flight data from a Brazilian Air Force pilot in a 6-degree-of-freedom flight simulator. By applying imitation learning techniques and comparing three algorithms – Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP), Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), and Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) – the research trains models to predict aircraft control inputs through sequences of state-action pairs. The performances of these models were evaluated in terms of Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), coefficient of determination (R2), training time, and inference time. To further enhance the training dataset with the aim of improving the robustness of the models, a Variational Autoencoder (VAE) was employed to generate synthetic data. These findings demonstrate the potential for deploying such models in fully autonomous aircraft, enhancing autonomous combat systems’ reliability and operational effectiveness in real-world scenarios.
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issn 2169-3536
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spelling doaj-art-273a4df80b984cd58c1d69459547304d2025-08-20T03:07:06ZengIEEEIEEE Access2169-35362025-01-0113812048121710.1109/ACCESS.2025.356718610988533Autonomous Aircraft Tactical Pop-Up Attack Using Imitation and Generative LearningJoao P. A. Dantas0https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0300-8027Marcos R. O. A. Maximo1https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2944-4476Takashi Yoneyama2https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5375-1076Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, BrazilInstituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, BrazilInstituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, BrazilThis study presents a methodology for developing models that replicate the complex pop-up attack maneuver in air combat operations, using flight data from a Brazilian Air Force pilot in a 6-degree-of-freedom flight simulator. By applying imitation learning techniques and comparing three algorithms – Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP), Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), and Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) – the research trains models to predict aircraft control inputs through sequences of state-action pairs. The performances of these models were evaluated in terms of Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), coefficient of determination (R2), training time, and inference time. To further enhance the training dataset with the aim of improving the robustness of the models, a Variational Autoencoder (VAE) was employed to generate synthetic data. These findings demonstrate the potential for deploying such models in fully autonomous aircraft, enhancing autonomous combat systems’ reliability and operational effectiveness in real-world scenarios.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10988533/Air combat operationsgenerative learningimitation learningpop-up attack
spellingShingle Joao P. A. Dantas
Marcos R. O. A. Maximo
Takashi Yoneyama
Autonomous Aircraft Tactical Pop-Up Attack Using Imitation and Generative Learning
IEEE Access
Air combat operations
generative learning
imitation learning
pop-up attack
title Autonomous Aircraft Tactical Pop-Up Attack Using Imitation and Generative Learning
title_full Autonomous Aircraft Tactical Pop-Up Attack Using Imitation and Generative Learning
title_fullStr Autonomous Aircraft Tactical Pop-Up Attack Using Imitation and Generative Learning
title_full_unstemmed Autonomous Aircraft Tactical Pop-Up Attack Using Imitation and Generative Learning
title_short Autonomous Aircraft Tactical Pop-Up Attack Using Imitation and Generative Learning
title_sort autonomous aircraft tactical pop up attack using imitation and generative learning
topic Air combat operations
generative learning
imitation learning
pop-up attack
url https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10988533/
work_keys_str_mv AT joaopadantas autonomousaircrafttacticalpopupattackusingimitationandgenerativelearning
AT marcosroamaximo autonomousaircrafttacticalpopupattackusingimitationandgenerativelearning
AT takashiyoneyama autonomousaircrafttacticalpopupattackusingimitationandgenerativelearning