Alternative Splicing of BnABF4L Mediates Response to Abiotic Stresses in Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)

Abstract ABRE BINDING FACTOR 4 (ABF4) is a pivotal regulatory gene in the abscisic acid (ABA) signaling pathway, and changes in its expression levels can modulate the plant's stress resistance. To further explore the specific regulatory mechanisms of alternative splicing (AS) in the ABA signali...

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Main Authors: Ruijia Zhu, Chu Yue, Shifan Wu, Mingting Wu, Ziyue Xu, Xiaoqun Liu, Rui Wang, Maolin Wang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-05-01
Series:Biotechnology for Biofuels and Bioproducts
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s13068-025-02645-2
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author Ruijia Zhu
Chu Yue
Shifan Wu
Mingting Wu
Ziyue Xu
Xiaoqun Liu
Rui Wang
Maolin Wang
author_facet Ruijia Zhu
Chu Yue
Shifan Wu
Mingting Wu
Ziyue Xu
Xiaoqun Liu
Rui Wang
Maolin Wang
author_sort Ruijia Zhu
collection DOAJ
description Abstract ABRE BINDING FACTOR 4 (ABF4) is a pivotal regulatory gene in the abscisic acid (ABA) signaling pathway, and changes in its expression levels can modulate the plant's stress resistance. To further explore the specific regulatory mechanisms of alternative splicing (AS) in the ABA signaling pathway and to identify new breakthroughs for breeding high stress-resistant varieties of Brassica napus, we identified 17 homologous genes of ABF4 in the genome. Utilizing bioinformatics techniques, we analyzed their motifs, conserved domains, and cis-acting elements of their promoters. Through transcriptome data from the stress-tolerant dwarf strain ndf2 and its parental line 3529, we uncovered a significantly differentially expressed ABF4 gene, which we named BnABF4L. Subsequently, we analyzed the AS events of BnABF4L under normal growth conditions and different abiotic stresses, as well as the impact of different transcript variants' 5’ untranslated region (5'UTR) on gene translation. BnABF4L undergoes alternative 3' splice site (A3SS) selection to produce three transcripts (V1-V3) with divergent 5'UTRs. While V1 translation is suppressed by upstream ORFs (uORFs), V2/V3 exhibit enhanced translational efficiency. Under stress, ndf2 shifts splicing toward V3, circumventing uORF-mediated repression to upregulate stress-adapted isoforms. We validated the inhibitory effect of upstream open reading frames (uORFs) on protein-coding open reading frame (pORFs) and, based on the collective experimental results, proposed the flexible regulatory mechanism of AS events of BnABF4L in response to stress. Our findings provide new insights for future studies on stress resistance in rapeseed as well as for research on the regulation of alternative splicing mechanisms in the ABA signaling pathway.
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spelling doaj-art-27325e855f2847ec89c4c39284a1f2e02025-08-20T02:15:08ZengBMCBiotechnology for Biofuels and Bioproducts2731-36542025-05-0118111610.1186/s13068-025-02645-2Alternative Splicing of BnABF4L Mediates Response to Abiotic Stresses in Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)Ruijia Zhu0Chu Yue1Shifan Wu2Mingting Wu3Ziyue Xu4Xiaoqun Liu5Rui Wang6Maolin Wang7Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan UniversityKey Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan UniversityKey Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan UniversityKey Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan UniversityKey Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan UniversityKey Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan UniversityKey Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan UniversityKey Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan UniversityAbstract ABRE BINDING FACTOR 4 (ABF4) is a pivotal regulatory gene in the abscisic acid (ABA) signaling pathway, and changes in its expression levels can modulate the plant's stress resistance. To further explore the specific regulatory mechanisms of alternative splicing (AS) in the ABA signaling pathway and to identify new breakthroughs for breeding high stress-resistant varieties of Brassica napus, we identified 17 homologous genes of ABF4 in the genome. Utilizing bioinformatics techniques, we analyzed their motifs, conserved domains, and cis-acting elements of their promoters. Through transcriptome data from the stress-tolerant dwarf strain ndf2 and its parental line 3529, we uncovered a significantly differentially expressed ABF4 gene, which we named BnABF4L. Subsequently, we analyzed the AS events of BnABF4L under normal growth conditions and different abiotic stresses, as well as the impact of different transcript variants' 5’ untranslated region (5'UTR) on gene translation. BnABF4L undergoes alternative 3' splice site (A3SS) selection to produce three transcripts (V1-V3) with divergent 5'UTRs. While V1 translation is suppressed by upstream ORFs (uORFs), V2/V3 exhibit enhanced translational efficiency. Under stress, ndf2 shifts splicing toward V3, circumventing uORF-mediated repression to upregulate stress-adapted isoforms. We validated the inhibitory effect of upstream open reading frames (uORFs) on protein-coding open reading frame (pORFs) and, based on the collective experimental results, proposed the flexible regulatory mechanism of AS events of BnABF4L in response to stress. Our findings provide new insights for future studies on stress resistance in rapeseed as well as for research on the regulation of alternative splicing mechanisms in the ABA signaling pathway.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13068-025-02645-2ABA signaling pathwayAlternative splicingAbiotic stressUORF
spellingShingle Ruijia Zhu
Chu Yue
Shifan Wu
Mingting Wu
Ziyue Xu
Xiaoqun Liu
Rui Wang
Maolin Wang
Alternative Splicing of BnABF4L Mediates Response to Abiotic Stresses in Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)
Biotechnology for Biofuels and Bioproducts
ABA signaling pathway
Alternative splicing
Abiotic stress
UORF
title Alternative Splicing of BnABF4L Mediates Response to Abiotic Stresses in Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)
title_full Alternative Splicing of BnABF4L Mediates Response to Abiotic Stresses in Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)
title_fullStr Alternative Splicing of BnABF4L Mediates Response to Abiotic Stresses in Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)
title_full_unstemmed Alternative Splicing of BnABF4L Mediates Response to Abiotic Stresses in Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)
title_short Alternative Splicing of BnABF4L Mediates Response to Abiotic Stresses in Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)
title_sort alternative splicing of bnabf4l mediates response to abiotic stresses in rapeseed brassica napus l
topic ABA signaling pathway
Alternative splicing
Abiotic stress
UORF
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s13068-025-02645-2
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