Sex differences in the associations of water, coffee and tea consumption with cardiovascular diseases: a prospective cohort study
BackgroundWater, coffee and tea are the primary sources of daily hydration. However, the sex-specific relationship between these beverages and cardiovascular disease (CVD) among remains unclear.MethodsIn total, 210,239 men and 251,383 women from the UK Biobank were included. The consumption of water...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Nutrition |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2025.1530908/full |
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| author | Dandan Ke Dandan Ke Yueqing Wang Yabing Hou Weihao Shao Jiawen Ke Xiaoxuan Zhang Hongxi Yang Zhong He Zuolin Lu |
| author_facet | Dandan Ke Dandan Ke Yueqing Wang Yabing Hou Weihao Shao Jiawen Ke Xiaoxuan Zhang Hongxi Yang Zhong He Zuolin Lu |
| author_sort | Dandan Ke |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | BackgroundWater, coffee and tea are the primary sources of daily hydration. However, the sex-specific relationship between these beverages and cardiovascular disease (CVD) among remains unclear.MethodsIn total, 210,239 men and 251,383 women from the UK Biobank were included. The consumption of water, coffee and tea were self-reported. CVDs, including coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke and heart failure (HF) were followed till March 1st, 2023. Sex-specific Cox models were utilized to evaluate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the associations.ResultsDuring a median follow-up of 8.7 years, 11,098 (2.40%) participants developed new-onset HF, 33,426 (7.24%) participants developed new-onset CHD, and 9,706 (2.10%) participants developed new-onset stroke. After adjustments, higher water consumption was generally associated with reduced risk of CVDs among both men and women. In contrast, heavy coffee consumption (particularly ≥6 cups/day) was associated with a greater risk of HF [1.16 (1.03–1.31) in men vs. 1.25 (1.12–1.40) in women], a greater risk of CHD [1.27 (1.18–1.36) in men vs. 1.21 (1.14–1.29) in women] and a greater risk of stroke [1.13 (0.99–1.29) in men vs. 1.20 (1.03–1.31) in women]. Similarly, heavy tea consumption was associated with an increased risk of HF (men: HR 1.19 [1.08–1.31]; women: HR 1.12 [1.02–1.23]) and CHD (men: HR 1.12 [1.05–1.18]; women: HR 1.18 [1.12–1.24]).ConclusionOur study revealed that water consumption was associated with a lower risk of CVDs, with a lower risk of CVDs, while heavy coffee or tea consumption was linked to a higher risk. Notably, coffee and tea consumption partially attenuated the protective association of water intake with CVDs. Furthermore, significant sex differences were observed in the associations between coffee or tea consumption and CHD incidence. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-2728cc9866584deb92876253d79b0b23 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2296-861X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
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| series | Frontiers in Nutrition |
| spelling | doaj-art-2728cc9866584deb92876253d79b0b232025-01-30T15:32:28ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Nutrition2296-861X2025-01-011210.3389/fnut.2025.15309081530908Sex differences in the associations of water, coffee and tea consumption with cardiovascular diseases: a prospective cohort studyDandan Ke0Dandan Ke1Yueqing Wang2Yabing Hou3Weihao Shao4Jiawen Ke5Xiaoxuan Zhang6Hongxi Yang7Zhong He8Zuolin Lu9School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, ChinaSchool of Humanities and Social Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, ChinaSchool of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, ChinaDepartment of Medical Information Technology and Management, Yanjing Medical College, Capital Medical University, Beijing, ChinaSchool of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, ChinaSchool of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, ChinaSchool of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, ChinaDepartment of Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, ChinaSchool of Humanities and Social Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, ChinaSchool of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, ChinaBackgroundWater, coffee and tea are the primary sources of daily hydration. However, the sex-specific relationship between these beverages and cardiovascular disease (CVD) among remains unclear.MethodsIn total, 210,239 men and 251,383 women from the UK Biobank were included. The consumption of water, coffee and tea were self-reported. CVDs, including coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke and heart failure (HF) were followed till March 1st, 2023. Sex-specific Cox models were utilized to evaluate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the associations.ResultsDuring a median follow-up of 8.7 years, 11,098 (2.40%) participants developed new-onset HF, 33,426 (7.24%) participants developed new-onset CHD, and 9,706 (2.10%) participants developed new-onset stroke. After adjustments, higher water consumption was generally associated with reduced risk of CVDs among both men and women. In contrast, heavy coffee consumption (particularly ≥6 cups/day) was associated with a greater risk of HF [1.16 (1.03–1.31) in men vs. 1.25 (1.12–1.40) in women], a greater risk of CHD [1.27 (1.18–1.36) in men vs. 1.21 (1.14–1.29) in women] and a greater risk of stroke [1.13 (0.99–1.29) in men vs. 1.20 (1.03–1.31) in women]. Similarly, heavy tea consumption was associated with an increased risk of HF (men: HR 1.19 [1.08–1.31]; women: HR 1.12 [1.02–1.23]) and CHD (men: HR 1.12 [1.05–1.18]; women: HR 1.18 [1.12–1.24]).ConclusionOur study revealed that water consumption was associated with a lower risk of CVDs, with a lower risk of CVDs, while heavy coffee or tea consumption was linked to a higher risk. Notably, coffee and tea consumption partially attenuated the protective association of water intake with CVDs. Furthermore, significant sex differences were observed in the associations between coffee or tea consumption and CHD incidence.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2025.1530908/fullwater consumptioncoffee consumptiontea consumptioncardiovascular diseasepopulation-based cohort study |
| spellingShingle | Dandan Ke Dandan Ke Yueqing Wang Yabing Hou Weihao Shao Jiawen Ke Xiaoxuan Zhang Hongxi Yang Zhong He Zuolin Lu Sex differences in the associations of water, coffee and tea consumption with cardiovascular diseases: a prospective cohort study Frontiers in Nutrition water consumption coffee consumption tea consumption cardiovascular disease population-based cohort study |
| title | Sex differences in the associations of water, coffee and tea consumption with cardiovascular diseases: a prospective cohort study |
| title_full | Sex differences in the associations of water, coffee and tea consumption with cardiovascular diseases: a prospective cohort study |
| title_fullStr | Sex differences in the associations of water, coffee and tea consumption with cardiovascular diseases: a prospective cohort study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Sex differences in the associations of water, coffee and tea consumption with cardiovascular diseases: a prospective cohort study |
| title_short | Sex differences in the associations of water, coffee and tea consumption with cardiovascular diseases: a prospective cohort study |
| title_sort | sex differences in the associations of water coffee and tea consumption with cardiovascular diseases a prospective cohort study |
| topic | water consumption coffee consumption tea consumption cardiovascular disease population-based cohort study |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2025.1530908/full |
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