Structural Failure Modes of Single-Story Timber Houses Under Tsunami Loads Using ASCE 7’S Energy Grade Line Analysis

The structural response of single-story timber houses subjected to the 27 February 2010 Chile tsunami is studied in San Juan Bautista, an island town located nearly 600 km westward from the earthquake’s rupture source, in the Pacific Ocean. The ASCE 7-22 energy grade line analysis (EGLA) is used to...

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Main Authors: Darko Otey, Juan Carlos Vielma, Patricio Winckler
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-02-01
Series:Journal of Marine Science and Engineering
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/13/3/484
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author Darko Otey
Juan Carlos Vielma
Patricio Winckler
author_facet Darko Otey
Juan Carlos Vielma
Patricio Winckler
author_sort Darko Otey
collection DOAJ
description The structural response of single-story timber houses subjected to the 27 February 2010 Chile tsunami is studied in San Juan Bautista, an island town located nearly 600 km westward from the earthquake’s rupture source, in the Pacific Ocean. The ASCE 7-22 energy grade line analysis (EGLA) is used to calculate flow depths and velocities as functions of the topography and recorded runup. To understand the structural response along the topography, reactions and displacements are computed at six positions every 50 m from the coastline. Houses are modeled using the Robot software, considering dead and live loads cases under the Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) philosophy. The results show that houses located near the coastline experience severe displacements and collapse due to a combination of hydrodynamic forces, drag and buoyancy, which significantly reduces the efficiency of the foundations’ anchorage. Structures far from the coastline are less exposed to reduced velocities, resulting in decreased displacements, structural demand and a tendency to float. Finally, the methodology is validated by applying a nonlinear analysis of the structures subjected to tsunami loads at the different positions considered in this study. Despite their seismic resistance, lightweight timber houses are shown to not be suitable for areas prone to tsunamis. Tsunami-resilient design should therefore consider heavier and more rigid materials in flooding areas and the relocation of lightweight structures in safe zones.
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spelling doaj-art-271a09654b3e446287becebbc9e24e572025-08-20T02:42:32ZengMDPI AGJournal of Marine Science and Engineering2077-13122025-02-0113348410.3390/jmse13030484Structural Failure Modes of Single-Story Timber Houses Under Tsunami Loads Using ASCE 7’S Energy Grade Line AnalysisDarko Otey0Juan Carlos Vielma1Patricio Winckler2Escuela de Ingeniería Civil, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Brasil Ave. 2950, Valparaíso 2340025, ChileEscuela de Ingeniería Civil, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Brasil Ave. 2950, Valparaíso 2340025, ChileEscuela de Ingeniería Oceánica, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2362844, ChileThe structural response of single-story timber houses subjected to the 27 February 2010 Chile tsunami is studied in San Juan Bautista, an island town located nearly 600 km westward from the earthquake’s rupture source, in the Pacific Ocean. The ASCE 7-22 energy grade line analysis (EGLA) is used to calculate flow depths and velocities as functions of the topography and recorded runup. To understand the structural response along the topography, reactions and displacements are computed at six positions every 50 m from the coastline. Houses are modeled using the Robot software, considering dead and live loads cases under the Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) philosophy. The results show that houses located near the coastline experience severe displacements and collapse due to a combination of hydrodynamic forces, drag and buoyancy, which significantly reduces the efficiency of the foundations’ anchorage. Structures far from the coastline are less exposed to reduced velocities, resulting in decreased displacements, structural demand and a tendency to float. Finally, the methodology is validated by applying a nonlinear analysis of the structures subjected to tsunami loads at the different positions considered in this study. Despite their seismic resistance, lightweight timber houses are shown to not be suitable for areas prone to tsunamis. Tsunami-resilient design should therefore consider heavier and more rigid materials in flooding areas and the relocation of lightweight structures in safe zones.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/13/3/484tsunamienergy grade line analysisASCE 7-22nonlinear analysis27 February 2010 Chile earthquake
spellingShingle Darko Otey
Juan Carlos Vielma
Patricio Winckler
Structural Failure Modes of Single-Story Timber Houses Under Tsunami Loads Using ASCE 7’S Energy Grade Line Analysis
Journal of Marine Science and Engineering
tsunami
energy grade line analysis
ASCE 7-22
nonlinear analysis
27 February 2010 Chile earthquake
title Structural Failure Modes of Single-Story Timber Houses Under Tsunami Loads Using ASCE 7’S Energy Grade Line Analysis
title_full Structural Failure Modes of Single-Story Timber Houses Under Tsunami Loads Using ASCE 7’S Energy Grade Line Analysis
title_fullStr Structural Failure Modes of Single-Story Timber Houses Under Tsunami Loads Using ASCE 7’S Energy Grade Line Analysis
title_full_unstemmed Structural Failure Modes of Single-Story Timber Houses Under Tsunami Loads Using ASCE 7’S Energy Grade Line Analysis
title_short Structural Failure Modes of Single-Story Timber Houses Under Tsunami Loads Using ASCE 7’S Energy Grade Line Analysis
title_sort structural failure modes of single story timber houses under tsunami loads using asce 7 s energy grade line analysis
topic tsunami
energy grade line analysis
ASCE 7-22
nonlinear analysis
27 February 2010 Chile earthquake
url https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/13/3/484
work_keys_str_mv AT darkootey structuralfailuremodesofsinglestorytimberhousesundertsunamiloadsusingasce7senergygradelineanalysis
AT juancarlosvielma structuralfailuremodesofsinglestorytimberhousesundertsunamiloadsusingasce7senergygradelineanalysis
AT patriciowinckler structuralfailuremodesofsinglestorytimberhousesundertsunamiloadsusingasce7senergygradelineanalysis