Short-term exposure to desert dust and sandstorms and all-cause and cause-specific mortality and morbidity: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: Desert dust and sandstorms raise concerns about their adverse effects on human health. Over the last decade, special attention has been given to mineral dust particles from desert sand. However, evidence from previous literature reviews has yielded inconclusive results regarding their he...

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Main Authors: Aurelio Tobías, Xavier Querol, Marta Roqué, Kaung Suu Lwin, Lei Yuan, Sophearen Ith, Htay Zin Wai, Paul Lester Chua, Iván Solá, Matteo Renzi, Massimo Stafoggia, Masahiro Hashizume
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-02-01
Series:Environment International
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412025000285
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author Aurelio Tobías
Xavier Querol
Marta Roqué
Kaung Suu Lwin
Lei Yuan
Sophearen Ith
Htay Zin Wai
Paul Lester Chua
Iván Solá
Matteo Renzi
Massimo Stafoggia
Masahiro Hashizume
author_facet Aurelio Tobías
Xavier Querol
Marta Roqué
Kaung Suu Lwin
Lei Yuan
Sophearen Ith
Htay Zin Wai
Paul Lester Chua
Iván Solá
Matteo Renzi
Massimo Stafoggia
Masahiro Hashizume
author_sort Aurelio Tobías
collection DOAJ
description Background: Desert dust and sandstorms raise concerns about their adverse effects on human health. Over the last decade, special attention has been given to mineral dust particles from desert sand. However, evidence from previous literature reviews has yielded inconclusive results regarding their health effects. We aim to systematically synthesize evidence on the short-term health effects of desert dust exposure from major dust source areas. Methods: The bibliographic search was conducted using the MEDLINE (PubMed), Scopus, and Web of Science databases to investigate the health effects of short-term exposure to desert dust in human populations, using time series or case-crossover study designs. Study selection and reporting followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. We evaluated the risk of bias (RoB) for individual studies and the certainty of evidence (CoE) for environmental exposures, as developed by a group of experts convened by the World Health Organization (WHO). Publication bias was examined using funnel plots and Begg’s asymmetry test. Results: A total of 71 studies were included in the review, covering data from 1993 to 2024. Most studies focused on Asian and African desert dust, with fewer studies from Arabian, American, and Australian regions. We found a significant increase in the risk for all-cause mortality (Relative Risk, RR = 1.0121, 95 %CI = [1.0045, 1.0199]). In addition, the mortality risk associated with particulate matter less than 10 μm (PM10) was slightly higher on dust days compared to non-dust days, while for particulate matter less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5), the risk was higher on non-dust days. We also observed a significant increase in the risk for cardiovascular mortality (RR = 1.0252, 95 % CI = [1.0100, 1.0407]) during dust days compared to non-dust days, but not for respiratory mortality (RR = 1.0001, 95 % CI = [0.9773, 1.0277]). The risk also increased for cardiovascular (RR = 1.0094, 95 % CI = [1.0014, 1.0174]) and respiratory morbidity (RR = 1.0693, 95 % CI = [1.0188, 1.1224]). Conclusion: Exposure to desert dust and sandstorms is linked to increased risks of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, as well as respiratory morbidity. The overall evidence quality for each exposure-outcome combination was assessed as moderate, although data limitations prevent the establishment of specific air quality thresholds for desert dust particles. This review highlights the need for targeted public health interventions in affected regions.
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spelling doaj-art-27082e3ec0054368a349f376dccf13cf2025-08-20T02:15:20ZengElsevierEnvironment International0160-41202025-02-0119610927710.1016/j.envint.2025.109277Short-term exposure to desert dust and sandstorms and all-cause and cause-specific mortality and morbidity: A systematic review and meta-analysisAurelio Tobías0Xavier Querol1Marta Roqué2Kaung Suu Lwin3Lei Yuan4Sophearen Ith5Htay Zin Wai6Paul Lester Chua7Iván Solá8Matteo Renzi9Massimo Stafoggia10Masahiro Hashizume11Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain; Corresponding author at: Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), C/ Jordi Girona 18-26 08034, Barcelona, Spain.Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Barcelona, SpainIberoamerican Cochrane Centre, Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Barcelona, SpainDepartment of Global Health Policy, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; SingHealth Duke-NUS Global Health Institute, SingaporeDepartment of Global Health Policy, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, JapanDepartment of Global Health Policy, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, JapanDepartment of Global Health Policy, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, JapanDepartment of Global Health Policy, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, JapanIberoamerican Cochrane Centre, Barcelona, SpainDepartment of Epidemiology, Lazio Regional Health Service/ASL, Roma 1, Rome, ItalyDepartment of Epidemiology, Lazio Regional Health Service/ASL, Roma 1, Rome, ItalyDepartment of Global Health Policy, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, JapanBackground: Desert dust and sandstorms raise concerns about their adverse effects on human health. Over the last decade, special attention has been given to mineral dust particles from desert sand. However, evidence from previous literature reviews has yielded inconclusive results regarding their health effects. We aim to systematically synthesize evidence on the short-term health effects of desert dust exposure from major dust source areas. Methods: The bibliographic search was conducted using the MEDLINE (PubMed), Scopus, and Web of Science databases to investigate the health effects of short-term exposure to desert dust in human populations, using time series or case-crossover study designs. Study selection and reporting followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. We evaluated the risk of bias (RoB) for individual studies and the certainty of evidence (CoE) for environmental exposures, as developed by a group of experts convened by the World Health Organization (WHO). Publication bias was examined using funnel plots and Begg’s asymmetry test. Results: A total of 71 studies were included in the review, covering data from 1993 to 2024. Most studies focused on Asian and African desert dust, with fewer studies from Arabian, American, and Australian regions. We found a significant increase in the risk for all-cause mortality (Relative Risk, RR = 1.0121, 95 %CI = [1.0045, 1.0199]). In addition, the mortality risk associated with particulate matter less than 10 μm (PM10) was slightly higher on dust days compared to non-dust days, while for particulate matter less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5), the risk was higher on non-dust days. We also observed a significant increase in the risk for cardiovascular mortality (RR = 1.0252, 95 % CI = [1.0100, 1.0407]) during dust days compared to non-dust days, but not for respiratory mortality (RR = 1.0001, 95 % CI = [0.9773, 1.0277]). The risk also increased for cardiovascular (RR = 1.0094, 95 % CI = [1.0014, 1.0174]) and respiratory morbidity (RR = 1.0693, 95 % CI = [1.0188, 1.1224]). Conclusion: Exposure to desert dust and sandstorms is linked to increased risks of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, as well as respiratory morbidity. The overall evidence quality for each exposure-outcome combination was assessed as moderate, although data limitations prevent the establishment of specific air quality thresholds for desert dust particles. This review highlights the need for targeted public health interventions in affected regions.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412025000285Desert dustSandstormsDust particlesParticulate matterMortalityMorbidity
spellingShingle Aurelio Tobías
Xavier Querol
Marta Roqué
Kaung Suu Lwin
Lei Yuan
Sophearen Ith
Htay Zin Wai
Paul Lester Chua
Iván Solá
Matteo Renzi
Massimo Stafoggia
Masahiro Hashizume
Short-term exposure to desert dust and sandstorms and all-cause and cause-specific mortality and morbidity: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Environment International
Desert dust
Sandstorms
Dust particles
Particulate matter
Mortality
Morbidity
title Short-term exposure to desert dust and sandstorms and all-cause and cause-specific mortality and morbidity: A systematic review and meta-analysis
title_full Short-term exposure to desert dust and sandstorms and all-cause and cause-specific mortality and morbidity: A systematic review and meta-analysis
title_fullStr Short-term exposure to desert dust and sandstorms and all-cause and cause-specific mortality and morbidity: A systematic review and meta-analysis
title_full_unstemmed Short-term exposure to desert dust and sandstorms and all-cause and cause-specific mortality and morbidity: A systematic review and meta-analysis
title_short Short-term exposure to desert dust and sandstorms and all-cause and cause-specific mortality and morbidity: A systematic review and meta-analysis
title_sort short term exposure to desert dust and sandstorms and all cause and cause specific mortality and morbidity a systematic review and meta analysis
topic Desert dust
Sandstorms
Dust particles
Particulate matter
Mortality
Morbidity
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412025000285
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