Healthy days at home and prognosis of older adults with cancer and non-cancer serious life-limiting illnesses

Abstract Background Healthy Days at Home (HDaH) is a patient-centered outcome measure quantifying the number of days individuals spend at home without hospitalizations or emergency department (ED) visits, while maintaining functional independence. This study examines the association between HDaH and...

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Main Authors: Oluwaseun J. Adeyemi, Nina Siman, Allison M. Cuthel, Keith S. Goldfeld, Corita R. Grudzen
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-07-01
Series:BMC Geriatrics
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-025-06160-9
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author Oluwaseun J. Adeyemi
Nina Siman
Allison M. Cuthel
Keith S. Goldfeld
Corita R. Grudzen
author_facet Oluwaseun J. Adeyemi
Nina Siman
Allison M. Cuthel
Keith S. Goldfeld
Corita R. Grudzen
author_sort Oluwaseun J. Adeyemi
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Healthy Days at Home (HDaH) is a patient-centered outcome measure quantifying the number of days individuals spend at home without hospitalizations or emergency department (ED) visits, while maintaining functional independence. This study examines the association between HDaH and prognosis among US older adults with serious life-limiting illnesses (commonly heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, advanced cancer, and end-stage kidney disease) and explores how this relationship differs by cancer status. Methods For this prospective cohort design study, we pooled Medicare Claims data of older adults (aged 66 or greater) with serious life-limiting illnesses who visited one of 30 EDs participating in the Primary Palliative Care for Emergency Medicine study between 2015 and 2019. The main exposure was prognosis, measured using the Gagne index, a short-term predictor of mortality. We controlled for age, sex, race/ethnicity, and used cancer diagnosis as a secondary predictor and stratification variable. The outcome, HDaH, was defined as 180 days minus the days a patient spent in healthcare institutions, including hospitals, skilled nursing facilities, and hospice care. We used generalized linear mixed-effects models with a log (180) offset to estimate the adjusted rate ratios (aRR) and 95% confidence intervals. Results The cohort included 122,579 seriously ill older adults,11% (n = 13,452) of whom had cancer. The median (IQR) HDaH was 115 (26–174) days. Each unit increase in Gagne index score was associated with a 6.0% decrease in the rate of HDaH (aRR: 0.94; 95% CI: 0.94 to 0.94), a pattern observed in both cancer and non-cancer groups. Cancer diagnosis was associated with 7.0% increase in HDaH (aRR: 1.07; 95% CI: 1.07 to 1.07). Conclusion While poor prognosis is associated with fewer healthy days at home, cancer diagnosis is associated with more healthy days at home. Our findings highlight the need for tailored care models to reduce hospitalizations and increase HDaH for patients with serious life-limiting illnesses other than cancer.
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spelling doaj-art-27054dd611ff4298ae9c500aefbba38b2025-08-20T03:04:20ZengBMCBMC Geriatrics1471-23182025-07-012511810.1186/s12877-025-06160-9Healthy days at home and prognosis of older adults with cancer and non-cancer serious life-limiting illnessesOluwaseun J. Adeyemi0Nina Siman1Allison M. Cuthel2Keith S. Goldfeld3Corita R. Grudzen4Department of Emergency Medicine, New York University Grossman School of MedicineDepartment of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of MedicineDivision of Supportive and Acute Care Services, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterDepartment of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of MedicineDivision of Supportive and Acute Care Services, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterAbstract Background Healthy Days at Home (HDaH) is a patient-centered outcome measure quantifying the number of days individuals spend at home without hospitalizations or emergency department (ED) visits, while maintaining functional independence. This study examines the association between HDaH and prognosis among US older adults with serious life-limiting illnesses (commonly heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, advanced cancer, and end-stage kidney disease) and explores how this relationship differs by cancer status. Methods For this prospective cohort design study, we pooled Medicare Claims data of older adults (aged 66 or greater) with serious life-limiting illnesses who visited one of 30 EDs participating in the Primary Palliative Care for Emergency Medicine study between 2015 and 2019. The main exposure was prognosis, measured using the Gagne index, a short-term predictor of mortality. We controlled for age, sex, race/ethnicity, and used cancer diagnosis as a secondary predictor and stratification variable. The outcome, HDaH, was defined as 180 days minus the days a patient spent in healthcare institutions, including hospitals, skilled nursing facilities, and hospice care. We used generalized linear mixed-effects models with a log (180) offset to estimate the adjusted rate ratios (aRR) and 95% confidence intervals. Results The cohort included 122,579 seriously ill older adults,11% (n = 13,452) of whom had cancer. The median (IQR) HDaH was 115 (26–174) days. Each unit increase in Gagne index score was associated with a 6.0% decrease in the rate of HDaH (aRR: 0.94; 95% CI: 0.94 to 0.94), a pattern observed in both cancer and non-cancer groups. Cancer diagnosis was associated with 7.0% increase in HDaH (aRR: 1.07; 95% CI: 1.07 to 1.07). Conclusion While poor prognosis is associated with fewer healthy days at home, cancer diagnosis is associated with more healthy days at home. Our findings highlight the need for tailored care models to reduce hospitalizations and increase HDaH for patients with serious life-limiting illnesses other than cancer.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-025-06160-9PrognosisHealthy days at homeSerious life-limiting illnessCancerGagne score
spellingShingle Oluwaseun J. Adeyemi
Nina Siman
Allison M. Cuthel
Keith S. Goldfeld
Corita R. Grudzen
Healthy days at home and prognosis of older adults with cancer and non-cancer serious life-limiting illnesses
BMC Geriatrics
Prognosis
Healthy days at home
Serious life-limiting illness
Cancer
Gagne score
title Healthy days at home and prognosis of older adults with cancer and non-cancer serious life-limiting illnesses
title_full Healthy days at home and prognosis of older adults with cancer and non-cancer serious life-limiting illnesses
title_fullStr Healthy days at home and prognosis of older adults with cancer and non-cancer serious life-limiting illnesses
title_full_unstemmed Healthy days at home and prognosis of older adults with cancer and non-cancer serious life-limiting illnesses
title_short Healthy days at home and prognosis of older adults with cancer and non-cancer serious life-limiting illnesses
title_sort healthy days at home and prognosis of older adults with cancer and non cancer serious life limiting illnesses
topic Prognosis
Healthy days at home
Serious life-limiting illness
Cancer
Gagne score
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-025-06160-9
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