Ion dipole interaction and directional alignment enabled high piezoelectric property polyvinylidene fluoride for flexible electronics

Abstract Organic piezoelectric materials have attracted significant interest for applications in sensing, energy harvesting, and flexible electronics. However, its piezoelectric properties are yet to be improved. This study introduces a facile strategy to fabricate homogenous and dense polyvinyliden...

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Main Authors: Dinku Hazarika, Jiaqi Lu, Jianhui Wu, Muhammad Naeem Shah, Jie Li, Kaihang Zhang, Liangquan Xu, Chuanrui Chen, Zhen Cao, Hao Jin, Shurong Dong, Yuhui Huang, Qilong Zhang, Yongjun Wu, Jikui Luo
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-03-01
Series:npj Flexible Electronics
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41528-025-00393-9
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author Dinku Hazarika
Jiaqi Lu
Jianhui Wu
Muhammad Naeem Shah
Jie Li
Kaihang Zhang
Liangquan Xu
Chuanrui Chen
Zhen Cao
Hao Jin
Shurong Dong
Yuhui Huang
Qilong Zhang
Yongjun Wu
Jikui Luo
author_facet Dinku Hazarika
Jiaqi Lu
Jianhui Wu
Muhammad Naeem Shah
Jie Li
Kaihang Zhang
Liangquan Xu
Chuanrui Chen
Zhen Cao
Hao Jin
Shurong Dong
Yuhui Huang
Qilong Zhang
Yongjun Wu
Jikui Luo
author_sort Dinku Hazarika
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Organic piezoelectric materials have attracted significant interest for applications in sensing, energy harvesting, and flexible electronics. However, its piezoelectric properties are yet to be improved. This study introduces a facile strategy to fabricate homogenous and dense polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) films with high piezoelectric performance via anhydrous CaCl2 doping. The strong ion–dipole interaction between Ca2+ and F atoms, along with directional dipole alignment under an electric field at elevated temperature, as verified by molecular dynamics simulations and material characterizations. This results in an impressive β-phase content of 92.78% and a piezoelectric coefficient of 29.26 pm/V. A piezoelectric device fabricated from this PVDF film delivers an output voltage exceeding 12 V under external pressure and maintains stability over 60,000 cycles. When integrated with an LC resonant circuit, it functions as a wireless sensor for real-time motion monitoring. This scalable approach significantly advances piezoelectric polymer performance for practical applications.
format Article
id doaj-art-26fc6d4391f84499ae53a46ff34dab3c
institution DOAJ
issn 2397-4621
language English
publishDate 2025-03-01
publisher Nature Portfolio
record_format Article
series npj Flexible Electronics
spelling doaj-art-26fc6d4391f84499ae53a46ff34dab3c2025-08-20T02:59:56ZengNature Portfolionpj Flexible Electronics2397-46212025-03-019111310.1038/s41528-025-00393-9Ion dipole interaction and directional alignment enabled high piezoelectric property polyvinylidene fluoride for flexible electronicsDinku Hazarika0Jiaqi Lu1Jianhui Wu2Muhammad Naeem Shah3Jie Li4Kaihang Zhang5Liangquan Xu6Chuanrui Chen7Zhen Cao8Hao Jin9Shurong Dong10Yuhui Huang11Qilong Zhang12Yongjun Wu13Jikui Luo14College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang UniversityCollege of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang UniversityCollege of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang UniversityCollege of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang UniversityCollege of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang UniversityCollege of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang UniversityCollege of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang UniversityCollege of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang UniversityCollege of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang UniversityCollege of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang UniversityCollege of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang UniversitySchool of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang UniversitySchool of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang UniversitySchool of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang UniversityCollege of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang UniversityAbstract Organic piezoelectric materials have attracted significant interest for applications in sensing, energy harvesting, and flexible electronics. However, its piezoelectric properties are yet to be improved. This study introduces a facile strategy to fabricate homogenous and dense polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) films with high piezoelectric performance via anhydrous CaCl2 doping. The strong ion–dipole interaction between Ca2+ and F atoms, along with directional dipole alignment under an electric field at elevated temperature, as verified by molecular dynamics simulations and material characterizations. This results in an impressive β-phase content of 92.78% and a piezoelectric coefficient of 29.26 pm/V. A piezoelectric device fabricated from this PVDF film delivers an output voltage exceeding 12 V under external pressure and maintains stability over 60,000 cycles. When integrated with an LC resonant circuit, it functions as a wireless sensor for real-time motion monitoring. This scalable approach significantly advances piezoelectric polymer performance for practical applications.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41528-025-00393-9
spellingShingle Dinku Hazarika
Jiaqi Lu
Jianhui Wu
Muhammad Naeem Shah
Jie Li
Kaihang Zhang
Liangquan Xu
Chuanrui Chen
Zhen Cao
Hao Jin
Shurong Dong
Yuhui Huang
Qilong Zhang
Yongjun Wu
Jikui Luo
Ion dipole interaction and directional alignment enabled high piezoelectric property polyvinylidene fluoride for flexible electronics
npj Flexible Electronics
title Ion dipole interaction and directional alignment enabled high piezoelectric property polyvinylidene fluoride for flexible electronics
title_full Ion dipole interaction and directional alignment enabled high piezoelectric property polyvinylidene fluoride for flexible electronics
title_fullStr Ion dipole interaction and directional alignment enabled high piezoelectric property polyvinylidene fluoride for flexible electronics
title_full_unstemmed Ion dipole interaction and directional alignment enabled high piezoelectric property polyvinylidene fluoride for flexible electronics
title_short Ion dipole interaction and directional alignment enabled high piezoelectric property polyvinylidene fluoride for flexible electronics
title_sort ion dipole interaction and directional alignment enabled high piezoelectric property polyvinylidene fluoride for flexible electronics
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41528-025-00393-9
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