Mapping the Influence of Olympic Games’ Urban Planning on the Land Surface Temperatures: An Estimation Using Landsat Series and Google Earth Engine
The Olympic Games are a sporting event and a catalyst for urban development in their host city. In this study, we utilized remote sensing and GIS techniques to examine the impact of the Olympic infrastructure on the surface temperature of urban areas. Using Landsat Series Collection 2 Tier 1 Level 2...
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MDPI AG
2024-09-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/18/3405 |
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| author | Joan-Cristian Padró Valerio Della Sala Marc Castelló-Bueno Rafael Vicente-Salar |
| author_facet | Joan-Cristian Padró Valerio Della Sala Marc Castelló-Bueno Rafael Vicente-Salar |
| author_sort | Joan-Cristian Padró |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The Olympic Games are a sporting event and a catalyst for urban development in their host city. In this study, we utilized remote sensing and GIS techniques to examine the impact of the Olympic infrastructure on the surface temperature of urban areas. Using Landsat Series Collection 2 Tier 1 Level 2 data and cloud computing provided by Google Earth Engine (GEE), this study examines the effects of various forms of Olympic Games facility urban planning in different historical moments and location typologies, as follows: monocentric, polycentric, peripheric and clustered Olympic ring. The GEE code applies to the Olympic Games that occurred from Paris 2024 to Montreal 1976. However, this paper focuses specifically on the representative cases of Paris 2024, Tokyo 2020, Rio 2016, Beijing 2008, Sydney 2000, Barcelona 1992, Seoul 1988, and Montreal 1976. The study is not only concerned with obtaining absolute land surface temperatures (LST), but rather the relative influence of mega-event infrastructures on mitigating or increasing the urban heat. As such, the locally normalized land surface temperature (NLST) was utilized for this purpose. In some cities (Paris, Tokyo, Beijing, and Barcelona), it has been determined that Olympic planning has resulted in the development of green spaces, creating “green spots” that contribute to lower-than-average temperatures. However, it should be noted that there is a significant variation in temperature within intensely built-up areas, such as Olympic villages and the surrounding areas of the Olympic stadium, which can become “hotspots.” Therefore, it is important to acknowledge that different planning typologies of Olympic infrastructure can have varying impacts on city heat islands, with the polycentric and clustered Olympic ring typologies displaying a mitigating effect. This research contributes to a cloud computing method that can be updated for future Olympic Games or adapted for other mega-events and utilizes a widely available remote sensing data source to study a specific urban planning context. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-26f8df2db7ec4157b58e0a8fa1addeaa |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2072-4292 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Remote Sensing |
| spelling | doaj-art-26f8df2db7ec4157b58e0a8fa1addeaa2025-08-20T01:55:49ZengMDPI AGRemote Sensing2072-42922024-09-011618340510.3390/rs16183405Mapping the Influence of Olympic Games’ Urban Planning on the Land Surface Temperatures: An Estimation Using Landsat Series and Google Earth EngineJoan-Cristian Padró0Valerio Della Sala1Marc Castelló-Bueno2Rafael Vicente-Salar3Grumets Research Group, Departament de Geografia, Edifici B, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), SpainDepartament de Geografia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), SpainDepartament de Geografia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), SpainDepartament de Geografia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E08193 Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), SpainThe Olympic Games are a sporting event and a catalyst for urban development in their host city. In this study, we utilized remote sensing and GIS techniques to examine the impact of the Olympic infrastructure on the surface temperature of urban areas. Using Landsat Series Collection 2 Tier 1 Level 2 data and cloud computing provided by Google Earth Engine (GEE), this study examines the effects of various forms of Olympic Games facility urban planning in different historical moments and location typologies, as follows: monocentric, polycentric, peripheric and clustered Olympic ring. The GEE code applies to the Olympic Games that occurred from Paris 2024 to Montreal 1976. However, this paper focuses specifically on the representative cases of Paris 2024, Tokyo 2020, Rio 2016, Beijing 2008, Sydney 2000, Barcelona 1992, Seoul 1988, and Montreal 1976. The study is not only concerned with obtaining absolute land surface temperatures (LST), but rather the relative influence of mega-event infrastructures on mitigating or increasing the urban heat. As such, the locally normalized land surface temperature (NLST) was utilized for this purpose. In some cities (Paris, Tokyo, Beijing, and Barcelona), it has been determined that Olympic planning has resulted in the development of green spaces, creating “green spots” that contribute to lower-than-average temperatures. However, it should be noted that there is a significant variation in temperature within intensely built-up areas, such as Olympic villages and the surrounding areas of the Olympic stadium, which can become “hotspots.” Therefore, it is important to acknowledge that different planning typologies of Olympic infrastructure can have varying impacts on city heat islands, with the polycentric and clustered Olympic ring typologies displaying a mitigating effect. This research contributes to a cloud computing method that can be updated for future Olympic Games or adapted for other mega-events and utilizes a widely available remote sensing data source to study a specific urban planning context.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/18/3405normalized land surface temperaturecloud computingsurface urban heat island |
| spellingShingle | Joan-Cristian Padró Valerio Della Sala Marc Castelló-Bueno Rafael Vicente-Salar Mapping the Influence of Olympic Games’ Urban Planning on the Land Surface Temperatures: An Estimation Using Landsat Series and Google Earth Engine Remote Sensing normalized land surface temperature cloud computing surface urban heat island |
| title | Mapping the Influence of Olympic Games’ Urban Planning on the Land Surface Temperatures: An Estimation Using Landsat Series and Google Earth Engine |
| title_full | Mapping the Influence of Olympic Games’ Urban Planning on the Land Surface Temperatures: An Estimation Using Landsat Series and Google Earth Engine |
| title_fullStr | Mapping the Influence of Olympic Games’ Urban Planning on the Land Surface Temperatures: An Estimation Using Landsat Series and Google Earth Engine |
| title_full_unstemmed | Mapping the Influence of Olympic Games’ Urban Planning on the Land Surface Temperatures: An Estimation Using Landsat Series and Google Earth Engine |
| title_short | Mapping the Influence of Olympic Games’ Urban Planning on the Land Surface Temperatures: An Estimation Using Landsat Series and Google Earth Engine |
| title_sort | mapping the influence of olympic games urban planning on the land surface temperatures an estimation using landsat series and google earth engine |
| topic | normalized land surface temperature cloud computing surface urban heat island |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/18/3405 |
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