Injuries and Outcomes of Ground-level Falls Among Older Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Study Objective: We sought to determine the overall rates of traumatic injuries and whether the rates of traumatic injuries and various clinical outcomes differed among older patients presenting to a tertiary-care emergency department (ED) after a ground-level fall (GLF) and who underwent whole-body...

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Main Authors: Vincent Kan, Wilson Huang, Gretta Steigauf-Regan, Jill Anderson, Ivy Dang, Chad Darling
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: eScholarship Publishing, University of California 2025-01-01
Series:Western Journal of Emergency Medicine
Online Access:https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9xf0v85g
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author Vincent Kan
Wilson Huang
Gretta Steigauf-Regan
Jill Anderson
Ivy Dang
Chad Darling
author_facet Vincent Kan
Wilson Huang
Gretta Steigauf-Regan
Jill Anderson
Ivy Dang
Chad Darling
author_sort Vincent Kan
collection DOAJ
description Study Objective: We sought to determine the overall rates of traumatic injuries and whether the rates of traumatic injuries and various clinical outcomes differed among older patients presenting to a tertiary-care emergency department (ED) after a ground-level fall (GLF) and who underwent whole-body computed tomography. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients ≥65 years of age who presented to the ED with a GLF and received a whole-body CT from January 1–December 31, 2021. Age was stratified into age groups: 65–74; 75–84; and 85+. We presented a descriptive analysis of traumatic injuries, intensive care unit (ICU) admissions, and all-cause mortality rates. We used multivariable logistic regression to determine the association between increasing age, traumatic injuries, and clinical outcomes. Results: Of 638 patients in the cohort, 120 (18.9%) sustained thoracic injuries and 80 (12.5%) sustained intracranial hemorrhages. Only five (0.8%) patients sustained an intra-abdominal injury, while 134 (21.0%) were admitted to the ICU, and 31 (4.8%) died during their index hospitalization. Head injuries (odds ratio [OR] 6.21, 95% CI 3.65–10.6, P < 0.001) and thoracic injuries (OR 5.25, 95% CI 3.30–8.36, P < 0.001) were associated with increased odds of ICU admission, whereas head injuries (OR 3.21, 95% CI 1.41–7.31, P < 0.01) and cervical injuries (OR 3.37, 95% CI 1.08–10.5, P < 0.05) were associated with increased odds of in-hospital, all-cause mortality. There were no statistically significant differences in the rates of injuries sustained between the respective age groups. There was no association between increasing age and ICU admissions or in-hospital, all-cause mortality rates. Conclusion: Among patients aged ≥65 years of age who presented to the ED after a ground-level fall and underwent whole-body CT, thoracic injuries and intracranial hemorrhages were associated with increased odds of ICU admissions. We found no significant differences in injury rates or outcomes across age groups, indicating that age alone should not guide ICU admission decisions. These findings suggest that the use of whole-body CT in this population should be selective and guided by clinical judgment rather than applied universally.
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spelling doaj-art-26f3ea8c4e9a4b49a4c83f61d275cd0a2025-08-20T02:10:28ZengeScholarship Publishing, University of CaliforniaWestern Journal of Emergency Medicine1936-900X1936-90182025-01-0126230130610.5811/westjem.3528135281Injuries and Outcomes of Ground-level Falls Among Older Patients: A Retrospective Cohort StudyVincent Kan0Wilson Huang1Gretta Steigauf-Regan2Jill Anderson3Ivy Dang4Chad Darling5UMass Chan Medical School, Department of Emergency Medicine, Worcester, MassachusettsUniversity of California San Francisco, Department of Emergency Medicine, San Francisco, CaliforniaUMass Chan Medical School, Department of Emergency Medicine, Worcester, MassachusettsUMass Chan Medical School, Department of Emergency Medicine, Worcester, MassachusettsUMass Chan Medical School, Department of Emergency Medicine, Worcester, MassachusettsUMass Chan Medical School, Department of Emergency Medicine, Worcester, MassachusettsStudy Objective: We sought to determine the overall rates of traumatic injuries and whether the rates of traumatic injuries and various clinical outcomes differed among older patients presenting to a tertiary-care emergency department (ED) after a ground-level fall (GLF) and who underwent whole-body computed tomography. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients ≥65 years of age who presented to the ED with a GLF and received a whole-body CT from January 1–December 31, 2021. Age was stratified into age groups: 65–74; 75–84; and 85+. We presented a descriptive analysis of traumatic injuries, intensive care unit (ICU) admissions, and all-cause mortality rates. We used multivariable logistic regression to determine the association between increasing age, traumatic injuries, and clinical outcomes. Results: Of 638 patients in the cohort, 120 (18.9%) sustained thoracic injuries and 80 (12.5%) sustained intracranial hemorrhages. Only five (0.8%) patients sustained an intra-abdominal injury, while 134 (21.0%) were admitted to the ICU, and 31 (4.8%) died during their index hospitalization. Head injuries (odds ratio [OR] 6.21, 95% CI 3.65–10.6, P < 0.001) and thoracic injuries (OR 5.25, 95% CI 3.30–8.36, P < 0.001) were associated with increased odds of ICU admission, whereas head injuries (OR 3.21, 95% CI 1.41–7.31, P < 0.01) and cervical injuries (OR 3.37, 95% CI 1.08–10.5, P < 0.05) were associated with increased odds of in-hospital, all-cause mortality. There were no statistically significant differences in the rates of injuries sustained between the respective age groups. There was no association between increasing age and ICU admissions or in-hospital, all-cause mortality rates. Conclusion: Among patients aged ≥65 years of age who presented to the ED after a ground-level fall and underwent whole-body CT, thoracic injuries and intracranial hemorrhages were associated with increased odds of ICU admissions. We found no significant differences in injury rates or outcomes across age groups, indicating that age alone should not guide ICU admission decisions. These findings suggest that the use of whole-body CT in this population should be selective and guided by clinical judgment rather than applied universally.https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9xf0v85g
spellingShingle Vincent Kan
Wilson Huang
Gretta Steigauf-Regan
Jill Anderson
Ivy Dang
Chad Darling
Injuries and Outcomes of Ground-level Falls Among Older Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Western Journal of Emergency Medicine
title Injuries and Outcomes of Ground-level Falls Among Older Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study
title_full Injuries and Outcomes of Ground-level Falls Among Older Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study
title_fullStr Injuries and Outcomes of Ground-level Falls Among Older Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study
title_full_unstemmed Injuries and Outcomes of Ground-level Falls Among Older Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study
title_short Injuries and Outcomes of Ground-level Falls Among Older Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study
title_sort injuries and outcomes of ground level falls among older patients a retrospective cohort study
url https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9xf0v85g
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