Experimental Study and FEM Analysis on the Strengthening of Masonry Brick Walls Using Expanded Steel Plates and Shotcrete with and Without Glass Fiber Reinforcement
In this study, an effective strengthening method was investigated to improve the seismic performance of masonry brick walls. The strengthening method comprised the use of shotcrete, which was applied in both glass fiber-reinforced and unreinforced forms for steel plates and tie rods. Thirteen wall s...
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2025-08-01
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| author | Zeynep Yaman Alper Cumhur Elif Ağcakoca Muhammet Zeki Özyurt Muhammed Maraşlı Mohammad Saber Sadid Abdulsalam Akrami Azizullah Rasuly |
| author_facet | Zeynep Yaman Alper Cumhur Elif Ağcakoca Muhammet Zeki Özyurt Muhammed Maraşlı Mohammad Saber Sadid Abdulsalam Akrami Azizullah Rasuly |
| author_sort | Zeynep Yaman |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In this study, an effective strengthening method was investigated to improve the seismic performance of masonry brick walls. The strengthening method comprised the use of shotcrete, which was applied in both glass fiber-reinforced and unreinforced forms for steel plates and tie rods. Thirteen wall specimens constructed with vertical perforated masonry block bricks were tested under diagonal compression in accordance with ASTM E519 (2010). Reinforcement plates with different thicknesses (1.5 mm, 2 mm, and 3 mm) were anchored using 6 mm diameter tie rods. A specially designed steel frame and an experimental loading program with controlled deformation increments were employed to simulate the effects of reinforced concrete beam frame system on walls under the effect of diagonal loads caused by seismic loads. In addition, numerical simulations were conducted using three-dimensional finite element models in Abaqus Explicit software to validate the experimental results. The findings demonstrated that increasing the number of tie rods enhanced the shear strength and overall behavior of the walls. Steel plates effectively absorbed tensile stresses and limited crack propagation, while the fiber reinforcement in the shotcrete further improved wall strength and ductility. Overall, the proposed strengthening techniques provided significant improvements in the seismic resistance and energy absorption capacity of masonry walls, offering practical and reliable solutions to enhance the safety and durability of existing masonry structures. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-26eea1032f1a4bb4a75c9d1ba158aa91 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2075-5309 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Buildings |
| spelling | doaj-art-26eea1032f1a4bb4a75c9d1ba158aa912025-08-20T03:04:42ZengMDPI AGBuildings2075-53092025-08-011515278110.3390/buildings15152781Experimental Study and FEM Analysis on the Strengthening of Masonry Brick Walls Using Expanded Steel Plates and Shotcrete with and Without Glass Fiber ReinforcementZeynep Yaman0Alper Cumhur1Elif Ağcakoca2Muhammet Zeki Özyurt3Muhammed Maraşlı4Mohammad Saber Sadid5Abdulsalam Akrami6Azizullah Rasuly7Department of Civil Engineering, Sakarya University, 54200 Sakarya, TurkeyDepartment of Civil Engineering, Yalova University, 77200 Yalova, TurkeyDepartment of Civil Engineering, Sakarya University, 54200 Sakarya, TurkeyDepartment of Civil Engineering, Sakarya University, 54200 Sakarya, TurkeyFibrobeton Company R&D Center, 81100 Duzce, TurkeyDepartment of Civil Engineering, Sakarya University, 54200 Sakarya, TurkeyDepartment of Civil Engineering, Sakarya University, 54200 Sakarya, TurkeyDepartment of Civil Engineering, Sakarya University, 54200 Sakarya, TurkeyIn this study, an effective strengthening method was investigated to improve the seismic performance of masonry brick walls. The strengthening method comprised the use of shotcrete, which was applied in both glass fiber-reinforced and unreinforced forms for steel plates and tie rods. Thirteen wall specimens constructed with vertical perforated masonry block bricks were tested under diagonal compression in accordance with ASTM E519 (2010). Reinforcement plates with different thicknesses (1.5 mm, 2 mm, and 3 mm) were anchored using 6 mm diameter tie rods. A specially designed steel frame and an experimental loading program with controlled deformation increments were employed to simulate the effects of reinforced concrete beam frame system on walls under the effect of diagonal loads caused by seismic loads. In addition, numerical simulations were conducted using three-dimensional finite element models in Abaqus Explicit software to validate the experimental results. The findings demonstrated that increasing the number of tie rods enhanced the shear strength and overall behavior of the walls. Steel plates effectively absorbed tensile stresses and limited crack propagation, while the fiber reinforcement in the shotcrete further improved wall strength and ductility. Overall, the proposed strengthening techniques provided significant improvements in the seismic resistance and energy absorption capacity of masonry walls, offering practical and reliable solutions to enhance the safety and durability of existing masonry structures.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/15/15/2781masonry brick wallexpanded steel sheetstie rodshotcreteglass fibermicro modeling |
| spellingShingle | Zeynep Yaman Alper Cumhur Elif Ağcakoca Muhammet Zeki Özyurt Muhammed Maraşlı Mohammad Saber Sadid Abdulsalam Akrami Azizullah Rasuly Experimental Study and FEM Analysis on the Strengthening of Masonry Brick Walls Using Expanded Steel Plates and Shotcrete with and Without Glass Fiber Reinforcement Buildings masonry brick wall expanded steel sheets tie rod shotcrete glass fiber micro modeling |
| title | Experimental Study and FEM Analysis on the Strengthening of Masonry Brick Walls Using Expanded Steel Plates and Shotcrete with and Without Glass Fiber Reinforcement |
| title_full | Experimental Study and FEM Analysis on the Strengthening of Masonry Brick Walls Using Expanded Steel Plates and Shotcrete with and Without Glass Fiber Reinforcement |
| title_fullStr | Experimental Study and FEM Analysis on the Strengthening of Masonry Brick Walls Using Expanded Steel Plates and Shotcrete with and Without Glass Fiber Reinforcement |
| title_full_unstemmed | Experimental Study and FEM Analysis on the Strengthening of Masonry Brick Walls Using Expanded Steel Plates and Shotcrete with and Without Glass Fiber Reinforcement |
| title_short | Experimental Study and FEM Analysis on the Strengthening of Masonry Brick Walls Using Expanded Steel Plates and Shotcrete with and Without Glass Fiber Reinforcement |
| title_sort | experimental study and fem analysis on the strengthening of masonry brick walls using expanded steel plates and shotcrete with and without glass fiber reinforcement |
| topic | masonry brick wall expanded steel sheets tie rod shotcrete glass fiber micro modeling |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/15/15/2781 |
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