Coral records indicate six-decade rise and fall of atmospheric lead emission in China

Abstract Despite the global ban on leaded gasoline, environmental lead pollution remains a concern, especially in developing countries. Asia, and particularly China, has emerged as a major emission center, yet long-term records of atmospheric lead emission are scarce and often inconsistent. Here we...

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Main Authors: Ke Lin, Mengli Chen, Jin Wang, Chenyang Shu, Yue-Gau Chen, Xianfeng Wang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-05-01
Series:Communications Earth & Environment
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-025-02363-5
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author Ke Lin
Mengli Chen
Jin Wang
Chenyang Shu
Yue-Gau Chen
Xianfeng Wang
author_facet Ke Lin
Mengli Chen
Jin Wang
Chenyang Shu
Yue-Gau Chen
Xianfeng Wang
author_sort Ke Lin
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Despite the global ban on leaded gasoline, environmental lead pollution remains a concern, especially in developing countries. Asia, and particularly China, has emerged as a major emission center, yet long-term records of atmospheric lead emission are scarce and often inconsistent. Here we reconstruct a 60-year history of lead concentration (lead/calcium) and isotopic composition in a coral from Dongsha Atoll in the northern South China Sea. The record shows a fourfold increase in lead level from 1953 to the mid-2000s, followed by a ~60% decline over the next decade. Shifts in lead isotopic composition suggest a transition from local automotive emissions to more distant industrial emissions, primarily from coal combustion in mainland China after 2000. This industrial source has declined significantly after the mid-2000s in response to stricter air pollution controls. Our findings highlight both the lasting legacy of leaded gasoline and the effectiveness of recent environmental policies in reducing atmospheric lead exposure.
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publisher Nature Portfolio
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series Communications Earth & Environment
spelling doaj-art-26ee1d6989b24dd8a8726b61db7b67ec2025-08-20T01:51:41ZengNature PortfolioCommunications Earth & Environment2662-44352025-05-01611910.1038/s43247-025-02363-5Coral records indicate six-decade rise and fall of atmospheric lead emission in ChinaKe Lin0Mengli Chen1Jin Wang2Chenyang Shu3Yue-Gau Chen4Xianfeng Wang5Department of Geosciences, National Taiwan UniversityEarth Observatory of Singapore and Asian School of the Environment, Nanyang Technological UniversityKey Laboratory of Water Quality and Conservation in the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou UniversityCollege of Atmospheric Sciences, Chengdu University of Information TechnologyDepartment of Geosciences, National Taiwan UniversityEarth Observatory of Singapore and Asian School of the Environment, Nanyang Technological UniversityAbstract Despite the global ban on leaded gasoline, environmental lead pollution remains a concern, especially in developing countries. Asia, and particularly China, has emerged as a major emission center, yet long-term records of atmospheric lead emission are scarce and often inconsistent. Here we reconstruct a 60-year history of lead concentration (lead/calcium) and isotopic composition in a coral from Dongsha Atoll in the northern South China Sea. The record shows a fourfold increase in lead level from 1953 to the mid-2000s, followed by a ~60% decline over the next decade. Shifts in lead isotopic composition suggest a transition from local automotive emissions to more distant industrial emissions, primarily from coal combustion in mainland China after 2000. This industrial source has declined significantly after the mid-2000s in response to stricter air pollution controls. Our findings highlight both the lasting legacy of leaded gasoline and the effectiveness of recent environmental policies in reducing atmospheric lead exposure.https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-025-02363-5
spellingShingle Ke Lin
Mengli Chen
Jin Wang
Chenyang Shu
Yue-Gau Chen
Xianfeng Wang
Coral records indicate six-decade rise and fall of atmospheric lead emission in China
Communications Earth & Environment
title Coral records indicate six-decade rise and fall of atmospheric lead emission in China
title_full Coral records indicate six-decade rise and fall of atmospheric lead emission in China
title_fullStr Coral records indicate six-decade rise and fall of atmospheric lead emission in China
title_full_unstemmed Coral records indicate six-decade rise and fall of atmospheric lead emission in China
title_short Coral records indicate six-decade rise and fall of atmospheric lead emission in China
title_sort coral records indicate six decade rise and fall of atmospheric lead emission in china
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-025-02363-5
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AT chenyangshu coralrecordsindicatesixdecaderiseandfallofatmosphericleademissioninchina
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