The Impact of Pesticide Exposure on Breast Cancer Incidence. Evidence from Costa Rica

Introduction: Breast cancer (BC) is the most prevalent and the leading cause of death from cancer in women worldwide. The low percentage of cases related to reproductive history risk factors and to genetics suggests that the environment may play a role in its etiology. Pesticide exposure has been hy...

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Main Author: Carolina Santamaría-Ulloa
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Universidad de Costa Rica 2009-07-01
Series:Población y Salud en Mesoamérica
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Online Access:https://revistas.ucr.ac.cr/index.php/psm/article/view/22822
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author Carolina Santamaría-Ulloa
author_facet Carolina Santamaría-Ulloa
author_sort Carolina Santamaría-Ulloa
collection DOAJ
description Introduction: Breast cancer (BC) is the most prevalent and the leading cause of death from cancer in women worldwide. The low percentage of cases related to reproductive history risk factors and to genetics suggests that the environment may play a role in its etiology. Pesticide exposure has been hypothesized to have an important effect. Objective: This ecological study tests whether BC incidence in Costa Rica is related to pesticide environmental exposure (PEE), controlling for access to health care, fertility, age at first pregnancy, and socioeconomic status. Methods: A Poisson regression model was run. Spatial analysis techniques to test for spatial autocorrelation, and geographically weighted regressions were used. Results: PEE had a statistically significant direct association with BC for women 45 yrs+. The corresponding incidence rate ratio for PEE was 1.29. This means that after controlling for other risk factors, moving a district to the next decile of PEE was associated with 29% increase in BC incidence for women 45+. PEE was significant in some rural and agricultural areas of the country, after controlling for other risk factors. Conclusions: There seems to be an actual relation between breast cancer and pesticides. Since it is a preventable risk factor, this is an important public health issue to be debated. Paying more attention to health consequences that derivate from environmental exposure would imply a shift toward the application of the precautionary principle. Conclusions about causality can not be drawn from an ecologic approach, like the one taken in this study.
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spelling doaj-art-26df6da08a4b4d4daee756f48204ba962025-08-20T03:54:51ZengUniversidad de Costa RicaPoblación y Salud en Mesoamérica1659-02012009-07-017110.15517/psm.v7i1.22822The Impact of Pesticide Exposure on Breast Cancer Incidence. Evidence from Costa RicaCarolina Santamaría-Ulloa0Candidata a PhD en Sociología/Demografía, University of Wisconsin-Madison.Introduction: Breast cancer (BC) is the most prevalent and the leading cause of death from cancer in women worldwide. The low percentage of cases related to reproductive history risk factors and to genetics suggests that the environment may play a role in its etiology. Pesticide exposure has been hypothesized to have an important effect. Objective: This ecological study tests whether BC incidence in Costa Rica is related to pesticide environmental exposure (PEE), controlling for access to health care, fertility, age at first pregnancy, and socioeconomic status. Methods: A Poisson regression model was run. Spatial analysis techniques to test for spatial autocorrelation, and geographically weighted regressions were used. Results: PEE had a statistically significant direct association with BC for women 45 yrs+. The corresponding incidence rate ratio for PEE was 1.29. This means that after controlling for other risk factors, moving a district to the next decile of PEE was associated with 29% increase in BC incidence for women 45+. PEE was significant in some rural and agricultural areas of the country, after controlling for other risk factors. Conclusions: There seems to be an actual relation between breast cancer and pesticides. Since it is a preventable risk factor, this is an important public health issue to be debated. Paying more attention to health consequences that derivate from environmental exposure would imply a shift toward the application of the precautionary principle. Conclusions about causality can not be drawn from an ecologic approach, like the one taken in this study.https://revistas.ucr.ac.cr/index.php/psm/article/view/22822Costa RicaCancerBreast CancerRisk FactorsPesticidesEnvironment
spellingShingle Carolina Santamaría-Ulloa
The Impact of Pesticide Exposure on Breast Cancer Incidence. Evidence from Costa Rica
Población y Salud en Mesoamérica
Costa Rica
Cancer
Breast Cancer
Risk Factors
Pesticides
Environment
title The Impact of Pesticide Exposure on Breast Cancer Incidence. Evidence from Costa Rica
title_full The Impact of Pesticide Exposure on Breast Cancer Incidence. Evidence from Costa Rica
title_fullStr The Impact of Pesticide Exposure on Breast Cancer Incidence. Evidence from Costa Rica
title_full_unstemmed The Impact of Pesticide Exposure on Breast Cancer Incidence. Evidence from Costa Rica
title_short The Impact of Pesticide Exposure on Breast Cancer Incidence. Evidence from Costa Rica
title_sort impact of pesticide exposure on breast cancer incidence evidence from costa rica
topic Costa Rica
Cancer
Breast Cancer
Risk Factors
Pesticides
Environment
url https://revistas.ucr.ac.cr/index.php/psm/article/view/22822
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