Identification and Characterization of Volatile Organic Compounds Based on GC-IMS Technology in Different Organs of <i>Lilium brownii</i> var. <i>viridulum</i> and After Bud-Removal and Non-Bud-Removal Treatments

<i>Lilium brownii</i> var. <i>viridulum</i> (Longya lily) is a widely used medicinal and culinary plant in China that is valued for its potential applications and development opportunities. The bulbs of Longya lily contain a variety of active components; volatile oil, as one...

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Main Authors: Xiaoling Li, Zhihui Wang, Chaowen Hou, Xiujuan Gong, Zexiang Liu, Yuhe Shi, Jianye Yan, Qiaozhen Tong
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-03-01
Series:Molecules
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/6/1238
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author Xiaoling Li
Zhihui Wang
Chaowen Hou
Xiujuan Gong
Zexiang Liu
Yuhe Shi
Jianye Yan
Qiaozhen Tong
author_facet Xiaoling Li
Zhihui Wang
Chaowen Hou
Xiujuan Gong
Zexiang Liu
Yuhe Shi
Jianye Yan
Qiaozhen Tong
author_sort Xiaoling Li
collection DOAJ
description <i>Lilium brownii</i> var. <i>viridulum</i> (Longya lily) is a widely used medicinal and culinary plant in China that is valued for its potential applications and development opportunities. The bulbs of Longya lily contain a variety of active components; volatile oil, as one of the main biologically active compounds, has been widely studied, and the stems, leaves, and flowers of Longya lily are also rich in volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and related pharmacological effects, but the horizontal comparison of different organs of lily plants is lacking. In order to promote the sustainable development of resources, the composition characteristics and differences of bulbs, stems, leaves, and flowers, as well as two crop management methods (bud-removal and non-bud-removal), were comprehensively studied by GC-IMS technology in this study. Additionally, multivariate statistical analyses were used to identify the key components responsible for the observed differences among the plant organs and treatments. The research identified a total of 93 volatile organic compounds in Longya lily samples, primarily consisting of aldehydes, alcohols, ketones, and esters. If the VOCs of Longya lily are to be used as raw materials, it is advisable to choose flowers and leaves with a higher concentration of these components for harvesting. Notably, bulbs that were non-bud-removal exhibited a greater total content of volatile flavor substances compared to those that were treated with bud removal, with hexanal-D and (<i>E</i>)-2-hexenal-D being the most prevalent volatile organic compounds. This study provided theoretical support for the harvesting parts and crop management methods of Longya lily based on volatile organic compounds and promoted the high-quality development of the Longya lily industry.
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spelling doaj-art-26b7e8f9feb3468c83e7f49e569c83672025-08-20T01:48:44ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492025-03-01306123810.3390/molecules30061238Identification and Characterization of Volatile Organic Compounds Based on GC-IMS Technology in Different Organs of <i>Lilium brownii</i> var. <i>viridulum</i> and After Bud-Removal and Non-Bud-Removal TreatmentsXiaoling Li0Zhihui Wang1Chaowen Hou2Xiujuan Gong3Zexiang Liu4Yuhe Shi5Jianye Yan6Qiaozhen Tong7School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, ChinaSchool of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, ChinaSchool of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, ChinaSchool of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, ChinaSchool of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, ChinaSchool of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, ChinaSchool of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, ChinaSchool of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China<i>Lilium brownii</i> var. <i>viridulum</i> (Longya lily) is a widely used medicinal and culinary plant in China that is valued for its potential applications and development opportunities. The bulbs of Longya lily contain a variety of active components; volatile oil, as one of the main biologically active compounds, has been widely studied, and the stems, leaves, and flowers of Longya lily are also rich in volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and related pharmacological effects, but the horizontal comparison of different organs of lily plants is lacking. In order to promote the sustainable development of resources, the composition characteristics and differences of bulbs, stems, leaves, and flowers, as well as two crop management methods (bud-removal and non-bud-removal), were comprehensively studied by GC-IMS technology in this study. Additionally, multivariate statistical analyses were used to identify the key components responsible for the observed differences among the plant organs and treatments. The research identified a total of 93 volatile organic compounds in Longya lily samples, primarily consisting of aldehydes, alcohols, ketones, and esters. If the VOCs of Longya lily are to be used as raw materials, it is advisable to choose flowers and leaves with a higher concentration of these components for harvesting. Notably, bulbs that were non-bud-removal exhibited a greater total content of volatile flavor substances compared to those that were treated with bud removal, with hexanal-D and (<i>E</i>)-2-hexenal-D being the most prevalent volatile organic compounds. This study provided theoretical support for the harvesting parts and crop management methods of Longya lily based on volatile organic compounds and promoted the high-quality development of the Longya lily industry.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/6/1238<i>Lilium brownii</i> var. <i>viridulum</i>GC-IMSfingerprintmultivariate analysisvolatile flavor properties
spellingShingle Xiaoling Li
Zhihui Wang
Chaowen Hou
Xiujuan Gong
Zexiang Liu
Yuhe Shi
Jianye Yan
Qiaozhen Tong
Identification and Characterization of Volatile Organic Compounds Based on GC-IMS Technology in Different Organs of <i>Lilium brownii</i> var. <i>viridulum</i> and After Bud-Removal and Non-Bud-Removal Treatments
Molecules
<i>Lilium brownii</i> var. <i>viridulum</i>
GC-IMS
fingerprint
multivariate analysis
volatile flavor properties
title Identification and Characterization of Volatile Organic Compounds Based on GC-IMS Technology in Different Organs of <i>Lilium brownii</i> var. <i>viridulum</i> and After Bud-Removal and Non-Bud-Removal Treatments
title_full Identification and Characterization of Volatile Organic Compounds Based on GC-IMS Technology in Different Organs of <i>Lilium brownii</i> var. <i>viridulum</i> and After Bud-Removal and Non-Bud-Removal Treatments
title_fullStr Identification and Characterization of Volatile Organic Compounds Based on GC-IMS Technology in Different Organs of <i>Lilium brownii</i> var. <i>viridulum</i> and After Bud-Removal and Non-Bud-Removal Treatments
title_full_unstemmed Identification and Characterization of Volatile Organic Compounds Based on GC-IMS Technology in Different Organs of <i>Lilium brownii</i> var. <i>viridulum</i> and After Bud-Removal and Non-Bud-Removal Treatments
title_short Identification and Characterization of Volatile Organic Compounds Based on GC-IMS Technology in Different Organs of <i>Lilium brownii</i> var. <i>viridulum</i> and After Bud-Removal and Non-Bud-Removal Treatments
title_sort identification and characterization of volatile organic compounds based on gc ims technology in different organs of i lilium brownii i var i viridulum i and after bud removal and non bud removal treatments
topic <i>Lilium brownii</i> var. <i>viridulum</i>
GC-IMS
fingerprint
multivariate analysis
volatile flavor properties
url https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/6/1238
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