The impact of electronic cigarette smoking on periodontal status and proinflammatory cytokine levels: a cross-sectional study

The impact of electronic cigarette smoking on periodontal status and proinflammatory cytokine levels: a cross-sectional study

Abstract Background E-cigs(E-cigs) use is increasing worldwide. Recent studies suggest that E-cigs contain harmful elements that could lead to adverse oral health outcomes. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of E-cigs smoking on periodontal health among current male smokers...

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Main Authors: Banna Alnufaiy, Hanadi Ghurmallah Alzahrani, Rhodanne A. Lambarte, Mohannad Abdullah Alghamdi, Abdulelah Saad Alali, Wael Farhan Alanazi, Mohammad Hamad Alkanhal, Abdulrahman Farhan Almukhalfi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-05-01
Series:BMC Oral Health
Subjects:
Electronic cigarettes
Cytokines
Periodontitis
Clinical attachment loss
Interleukin
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-025-06148-2
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