Association between the systemic immune-inflammatory index and the immune response after hepatitis B vaccination: a cross-sectional analysis of NHANES data

AimOur research aimed to investigate the relationship between the systemic immune-inflammatory index (SII) and the immunological response to hepatitis B vaccination.MethodsWe collected data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey database from 2007 to 2018. To examine the associati...

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Main Authors: Jiayan Hu, Kaiyue Huang, Hede Zou, Junxiang Li
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-05-01
Series:Frontiers in Public Health
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1480766/full
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author Jiayan Hu
Jiayan Hu
Kaiyue Huang
Hede Zou
Junxiang Li
author_facet Jiayan Hu
Jiayan Hu
Kaiyue Huang
Hede Zou
Junxiang Li
author_sort Jiayan Hu
collection DOAJ
description AimOur research aimed to investigate the relationship between the systemic immune-inflammatory index (SII) and the immunological response to hepatitis B vaccination.MethodsWe collected data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey database from 2007 to 2018. To examine the association between the SII and immunological response, we conducted weighted multiple regression analysis and subgroup analysis. Furthermore, we utilized restricted cubic splines (RCSs) to analyze the linear relationship between the two variables.ResultsIn our study, we included a total of 6,123 patients, of whom 2,770 tested positive for hepatitis B antibodies. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that, after controlling for all measured factors, a high level of the SII was inversely associated with the presence of antibodies following three doses of the hepatitis B vaccine (OR = 0.8661, 95% CI = 0.7577–0.9899, p = 0.035). Subgroup analysis and interaction testing revealed that sex, age, body mass index, diabetes, and other factors did not significantly influence this negative association (P for interaction >0.05). Additionally, the RCS model revealed no non-linear relationship between the SII and the immune response to the hepatitis B vaccine (p > 0.05). Notably, antibody expression significantly decreased as the SII increased beyond the threshold of 448.3.ConclusionThis cross-sectional study revealed a strong association between low antibody production following hepatitis B vaccination and the SII. However, this cross-sectional study could not establish a causal relationship between the two variables. Therefore, further experimental verification is necessary to confirm the correlation observed in our study.
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spelling doaj-art-26a42472944c40f4abbf76844bfbd67c2025-08-20T02:31:16ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Public Health2296-25652025-05-011310.3389/fpubh.2025.14807661480766Association between the systemic immune-inflammatory index and the immune response after hepatitis B vaccination: a cross-sectional analysis of NHANES dataJiayan Hu0Jiayan Hu1Kaiyue Huang2Hede Zou3Junxiang Li4Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, ChinaBeijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, ChinaXiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, ChinaXiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, ChinaDongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, ChinaAimOur research aimed to investigate the relationship between the systemic immune-inflammatory index (SII) and the immunological response to hepatitis B vaccination.MethodsWe collected data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey database from 2007 to 2018. To examine the association between the SII and immunological response, we conducted weighted multiple regression analysis and subgroup analysis. Furthermore, we utilized restricted cubic splines (RCSs) to analyze the linear relationship between the two variables.ResultsIn our study, we included a total of 6,123 patients, of whom 2,770 tested positive for hepatitis B antibodies. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that, after controlling for all measured factors, a high level of the SII was inversely associated with the presence of antibodies following three doses of the hepatitis B vaccine (OR = 0.8661, 95% CI = 0.7577–0.9899, p = 0.035). Subgroup analysis and interaction testing revealed that sex, age, body mass index, diabetes, and other factors did not significantly influence this negative association (P for interaction >0.05). Additionally, the RCS model revealed no non-linear relationship between the SII and the immune response to the hepatitis B vaccine (p > 0.05). Notably, antibody expression significantly decreased as the SII increased beyond the threshold of 448.3.ConclusionThis cross-sectional study revealed a strong association between low antibody production following hepatitis B vaccination and the SII. However, this cross-sectional study could not establish a causal relationship between the two variables. Therefore, further experimental verification is necessary to confirm the correlation observed in our study.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1480766/fullNational Health and Nutrition Examination Surveysystemic immune-inflammatory indexhepatitis Bvaccineantibody
spellingShingle Jiayan Hu
Jiayan Hu
Kaiyue Huang
Hede Zou
Junxiang Li
Association between the systemic immune-inflammatory index and the immune response after hepatitis B vaccination: a cross-sectional analysis of NHANES data
Frontiers in Public Health
National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
systemic immune-inflammatory index
hepatitis B
vaccine
antibody
title Association between the systemic immune-inflammatory index and the immune response after hepatitis B vaccination: a cross-sectional analysis of NHANES data
title_full Association between the systemic immune-inflammatory index and the immune response after hepatitis B vaccination: a cross-sectional analysis of NHANES data
title_fullStr Association between the systemic immune-inflammatory index and the immune response after hepatitis B vaccination: a cross-sectional analysis of NHANES data
title_full_unstemmed Association between the systemic immune-inflammatory index and the immune response after hepatitis B vaccination: a cross-sectional analysis of NHANES data
title_short Association between the systemic immune-inflammatory index and the immune response after hepatitis B vaccination: a cross-sectional analysis of NHANES data
title_sort association between the systemic immune inflammatory index and the immune response after hepatitis b vaccination a cross sectional analysis of nhanes data
topic National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
systemic immune-inflammatory index
hepatitis B
vaccine
antibody
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1480766/full
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