Widening gap in life expectancy between patients with heart failure living in most and least deprived areas: a longitudinal cohort study

Abstract Background Socioeconomic deprivation is associated with adverse clinical outcomes in patients with heart failure (HF). However, in the context of improved medical and device therapy for HF, it is unknown whether the influence of socioeconomic deprivation on HF outcomes is changing over time...

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Main Authors: O. I. Brown, M. Drozd, H. MacGowan, M. McGinlay, R. Burgess, S. Straw, A. D. Simms, V. K. Gatenby, A. Sengupta, A. M. N. Walker, C. Saunderson, M. F. Paton, K. I. Bridge, J. Gierula, K. K. Witte, R. M. Cubbon, M. T. Kearney
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Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-05-01
Series:BMC Medicine
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-025-04137-4
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author O. I. Brown
M. Drozd
H. MacGowan
M. McGinlay
R. Burgess
S. Straw
A. D. Simms
V. K. Gatenby
A. Sengupta
A. M. N. Walker
C. Saunderson
M. F. Paton
K. I. Bridge
J. Gierula
K. K. Witte
R. M. Cubbon
M. T. Kearney
author_facet O. I. Brown
M. Drozd
H. MacGowan
M. McGinlay
R. Burgess
S. Straw
A. D. Simms
V. K. Gatenby
A. Sengupta
A. M. N. Walker
C. Saunderson
M. F. Paton
K. I. Bridge
J. Gierula
K. K. Witte
R. M. Cubbon
M. T. Kearney
author_sort O. I. Brown
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Socioeconomic deprivation is associated with adverse clinical outcomes in patients with heart failure (HF). However, in the context of improved medical and device therapy for HF, it is unknown whether the influence of socioeconomic deprivation on HF outcomes is changing over time, especially in relation to evolving life expectancy patterns in the general population. Therefore, we aimed to describe temporal trends in the association of socioeconomic deprivation with loss of actuarially predicted life expectancy amongst ambulatory patients with HF. Methods Between 2006 and 2014, 1802 patients (73.2% male, mean age 69.6 years) with HF and left ventricular ejection fraction ≤ 45% were consecutively recruited across four hospitals in the United Kingdom (UK). Patients were stratified into socioeconomic deprivation tertiles defined by the UK Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) score with IMD tertile 1 denoting the least deprived and IMD tertile 3 the most deprived. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality, and relative survival predictions—in relation to age- and sex-matched background mortality rates—were calculated using UK National Life Tables. Relative survival was illustrated in terms of excess mortality risk and years of life expectancy lost. Recruitment period was split into 3-year intervals (2006–2008, 2009–2011 and 2012–2014). Results During a median follow-up of 5.0 years, 1302 participants (72.3%) died. Unadjusted mortality rate was highest in tertile 2. However, adjusted to the age–sex matched UK population, a stepwise increase in excess mortality risk was observed across tertiles, with tertile 1 experiencing an excess mortality risk of 11.1% (95% CI: 6.1–16.1%) and tertile 3 24.2% (95% CI: 19.4–28.0%). This corresponded to a loss of life expectancy of 1.76 years (95% CI: 1.50–2.03) for tertile 1 and 2.30 years (95% CI: 2.03–2.57) for tertile 3 over a 10-year period. We observed disparity in actuarial survival between tertiles over time, with participants in tertile 1 losing less life expectancy at 10 years compared to those in tertiles 2 and 3. However this was only statistically significant for those recruited between 2012 and 2014 (p < 0.05). Conclusions The impact of socioeconomic deprivation on HF outcomes in an unselected diverse UK population appears to have worsened over time.
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spelling doaj-art-266efbcf470e4b8ca7ca632dc19fd7f12025-08-20T03:16:34ZengBMCBMC Medicine1741-70152025-05-0123111010.1186/s12916-025-04137-4Widening gap in life expectancy between patients with heart failure living in most and least deprived areas: a longitudinal cohort studyO. I. Brown0M. Drozd1H. MacGowan2M. McGinlay3R. Burgess4S. Straw5A. D. Simms6V. K. Gatenby7A. Sengupta8A. M. N. Walker9C. Saunderson10M. F. Paton11K. I. Bridge12J. Gierula13K. K. Witte14R. M. Cubbon15M. T. Kearney16Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of LeedsLeeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of LeedsLeeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of LeedsDepartment of Cardiology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS TrustDepartment of Cardiology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS TrustLeeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of LeedsDepartment of Cardiology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS TrustDepartment of Cardiology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS TrustDepartment of Cardiology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS TrustDepartment of Cardiology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS TrustDepartment of Cardiology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS TrustLeeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of LeedsLeeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of LeedsLeeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of LeedsLeeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of LeedsLeeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of LeedsLeeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of LeedsAbstract Background Socioeconomic deprivation is associated with adverse clinical outcomes in patients with heart failure (HF). However, in the context of improved medical and device therapy for HF, it is unknown whether the influence of socioeconomic deprivation on HF outcomes is changing over time, especially in relation to evolving life expectancy patterns in the general population. Therefore, we aimed to describe temporal trends in the association of socioeconomic deprivation with loss of actuarially predicted life expectancy amongst ambulatory patients with HF. Methods Between 2006 and 2014, 1802 patients (73.2% male, mean age 69.6 years) with HF and left ventricular ejection fraction ≤ 45% were consecutively recruited across four hospitals in the United Kingdom (UK). Patients were stratified into socioeconomic deprivation tertiles defined by the UK Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) score with IMD tertile 1 denoting the least deprived and IMD tertile 3 the most deprived. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality, and relative survival predictions—in relation to age- and sex-matched background mortality rates—were calculated using UK National Life Tables. Relative survival was illustrated in terms of excess mortality risk and years of life expectancy lost. Recruitment period was split into 3-year intervals (2006–2008, 2009–2011 and 2012–2014). Results During a median follow-up of 5.0 years, 1302 participants (72.3%) died. Unadjusted mortality rate was highest in tertile 2. However, adjusted to the age–sex matched UK population, a stepwise increase in excess mortality risk was observed across tertiles, with tertile 1 experiencing an excess mortality risk of 11.1% (95% CI: 6.1–16.1%) and tertile 3 24.2% (95% CI: 19.4–28.0%). This corresponded to a loss of life expectancy of 1.76 years (95% CI: 1.50–2.03) for tertile 1 and 2.30 years (95% CI: 2.03–2.57) for tertile 3 over a 10-year period. We observed disparity in actuarial survival between tertiles over time, with participants in tertile 1 losing less life expectancy at 10 years compared to those in tertiles 2 and 3. However this was only statistically significant for those recruited between 2012 and 2014 (p < 0.05). Conclusions The impact of socioeconomic deprivation on HF outcomes in an unselected diverse UK population appears to have worsened over time.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-025-04137-4Heart failureSocioeconomic deprivationActuarial survivalHealth inequality
spellingShingle O. I. Brown
M. Drozd
H. MacGowan
M. McGinlay
R. Burgess
S. Straw
A. D. Simms
V. K. Gatenby
A. Sengupta
A. M. N. Walker
C. Saunderson
M. F. Paton
K. I. Bridge
J. Gierula
K. K. Witte
R. M. Cubbon
M. T. Kearney
Widening gap in life expectancy between patients with heart failure living in most and least deprived areas: a longitudinal cohort study
BMC Medicine
Heart failure
Socioeconomic deprivation
Actuarial survival
Health inequality
title Widening gap in life expectancy between patients with heart failure living in most and least deprived areas: a longitudinal cohort study
title_full Widening gap in life expectancy between patients with heart failure living in most and least deprived areas: a longitudinal cohort study
title_fullStr Widening gap in life expectancy between patients with heart failure living in most and least deprived areas: a longitudinal cohort study
title_full_unstemmed Widening gap in life expectancy between patients with heart failure living in most and least deprived areas: a longitudinal cohort study
title_short Widening gap in life expectancy between patients with heart failure living in most and least deprived areas: a longitudinal cohort study
title_sort widening gap in life expectancy between patients with heart failure living in most and least deprived areas a longitudinal cohort study
topic Heart failure
Socioeconomic deprivation
Actuarial survival
Health inequality
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-025-04137-4
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