Sex differences in ventricular-vascular interactions associated with aerobic capacity
Abstract Background Aerobic capacity measured by maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) is related to functional capacity and is a strong independent predictor of all-cause and disease-specific mortality. Sex-specific cardiac and vascular responses to endurance training have been observed, however, their re...
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BMC
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Echo Research and Practice |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s44156-024-00066-9 |
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| author | Barbara N. Morrison Peter M. Mittermaier Garth R. Lester Michael E. Bodner Anita T. Cote |
| author_facet | Barbara N. Morrison Peter M. Mittermaier Garth R. Lester Michael E. Bodner Anita T. Cote |
| author_sort | Barbara N. Morrison |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Aerobic capacity measured by maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) is related to functional capacity and is a strong independent predictor of all-cause and disease-specific mortality. Sex-specific cardiac and vascular responses to endurance training have been observed, however, their relative contributions to VO2max are less understood. The purpose of this study was to evaluate sex-specific ventricular-vascular interactions associated with VO2max in healthy males and females. Methods Sixty-eight males and females (38% females, 35 ± 10y) characterised as recreational exercisers to highly trained endurance athletes, and free of chronic disease underwent a cycle ergometer to assess VO2max. Resting arterial compliance and echocardiographic evaluation of left ventricular (LV) structure and function were measured and indexed to body surface area. Results VO2max was similar between groups (54 ± 6 vs. 50 ± 7 ml/kg/min, p = 0.049). Indexed LV mass (LVMi) was higher (96 ± 15 vs. 81 ± 11, p = 0.001) in males versus females, respectively. Linear regression analysis revealed two models that were significantly associated with VO2max in males and females. In males, the two models included (1) longitudinal diastolic strain rate and LVMi (r2 = 0.31, p = 0.003) and (2) indexed end-diastolic volume (EDVi) and longitudinal diastolic strain rate (r2 = 0.34, p < 0.001). In females, the linear regression models included (1) LVMi, large arterial compliance, longitudinal systolic strain rate, and age (r2 = 0.69, p < 0.001) and (2) EDVi, large arterial compliance, longitudinal systolic strain rate, and age (r2 = 0.52, p = 0.003). Conclusion These findings reveal that while in both sexes, LVMi and LVEDVi are associated with VO2max, arterial compliance was also found to contribute to the variance in VO2 max in females, but not in males. Further, ventricular relaxation was a significant factor in aerobic capacity in males, while in females ventricular contraction was a significant factor. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-26676ab3108043a58d195e4fe4dec151 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2055-0464 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
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| series | Echo Research and Practice |
| spelling | doaj-art-26676ab3108043a58d195e4fe4dec1512025-01-26T12:39:39ZengBMCEcho Research and Practice2055-04642025-01-0112111010.1186/s44156-024-00066-9Sex differences in ventricular-vascular interactions associated with aerobic capacityBarbara N. Morrison0Peter M. Mittermaier1Garth R. Lester2Michael E. Bodner3Anita T. Cote4School of Human Kinetics, Trinity Western UniversityFaculty of Natural & Applied Sciences, Trinity Western UniversityFaculty of Natural & Applied Sciences, Trinity Western UniversitySchool of Human Kinetics, Trinity Western UniversitySchool of Human Kinetics, Trinity Western UniversityAbstract Background Aerobic capacity measured by maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) is related to functional capacity and is a strong independent predictor of all-cause and disease-specific mortality. Sex-specific cardiac and vascular responses to endurance training have been observed, however, their relative contributions to VO2max are less understood. The purpose of this study was to evaluate sex-specific ventricular-vascular interactions associated with VO2max in healthy males and females. Methods Sixty-eight males and females (38% females, 35 ± 10y) characterised as recreational exercisers to highly trained endurance athletes, and free of chronic disease underwent a cycle ergometer to assess VO2max. Resting arterial compliance and echocardiographic evaluation of left ventricular (LV) structure and function were measured and indexed to body surface area. Results VO2max was similar between groups (54 ± 6 vs. 50 ± 7 ml/kg/min, p = 0.049). Indexed LV mass (LVMi) was higher (96 ± 15 vs. 81 ± 11, p = 0.001) in males versus females, respectively. Linear regression analysis revealed two models that were significantly associated with VO2max in males and females. In males, the two models included (1) longitudinal diastolic strain rate and LVMi (r2 = 0.31, p = 0.003) and (2) indexed end-diastolic volume (EDVi) and longitudinal diastolic strain rate (r2 = 0.34, p < 0.001). In females, the linear regression models included (1) LVMi, large arterial compliance, longitudinal systolic strain rate, and age (r2 = 0.69, p < 0.001) and (2) EDVi, large arterial compliance, longitudinal systolic strain rate, and age (r2 = 0.52, p = 0.003). Conclusion These findings reveal that while in both sexes, LVMi and LVEDVi are associated with VO2max, arterial compliance was also found to contribute to the variance in VO2 max in females, but not in males. Further, ventricular relaxation was a significant factor in aerobic capacity in males, while in females ventricular contraction was a significant factor.https://doi.org/10.1186/s44156-024-00066-9Endurance-trainedCardiac functionArterial complianceLeft ventricular massLongitudinal strain rateVO2max |
| spellingShingle | Barbara N. Morrison Peter M. Mittermaier Garth R. Lester Michael E. Bodner Anita T. Cote Sex differences in ventricular-vascular interactions associated with aerobic capacity Echo Research and Practice Endurance-trained Cardiac function Arterial compliance Left ventricular mass Longitudinal strain rate VO2max |
| title | Sex differences in ventricular-vascular interactions associated with aerobic capacity |
| title_full | Sex differences in ventricular-vascular interactions associated with aerobic capacity |
| title_fullStr | Sex differences in ventricular-vascular interactions associated with aerobic capacity |
| title_full_unstemmed | Sex differences in ventricular-vascular interactions associated with aerobic capacity |
| title_short | Sex differences in ventricular-vascular interactions associated with aerobic capacity |
| title_sort | sex differences in ventricular vascular interactions associated with aerobic capacity |
| topic | Endurance-trained Cardiac function Arterial compliance Left ventricular mass Longitudinal strain rate VO2max |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s44156-024-00066-9 |
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