Genome-wide transcriptome analysis reveal the molecular mechanism for triggering the formation of purple leaves in rice mutants nip-lpl and nip-dpl

IntroductionThe color of rice leaves are important agronomic traits that directly influence the proportion of sunlight energy utilization and ultimately affect the yield and quality, so it is crucial to excavate the mechanism of regulating rice leave color. MethodsTo investigate the molecular mechan...

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Main Authors: Chengyu Wang, Hongyu Zhao, Yujie Zhou, Haipeng Zhang, Xinyu Chen, Weifang Liang, Han Zheng, Fan Hou, Junjie Zhang, Liujie Xie, Mingwei Zhao, Bingsong Zheng, Jianzhong Li
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Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-05-01
Series:Frontiers in Plant Science
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2025.1584423/full
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author Chengyu Wang
Hongyu Zhao
Yujie Zhou
Haipeng Zhang
Xinyu Chen
Weifang Liang
Han Zheng
Fan Hou
Junjie Zhang
Liujie Xie
Mingwei Zhao
Bingsong Zheng
Jianzhong Li
author_facet Chengyu Wang
Hongyu Zhao
Yujie Zhou
Haipeng Zhang
Xinyu Chen
Weifang Liang
Han Zheng
Fan Hou
Junjie Zhang
Liujie Xie
Mingwei Zhao
Bingsong Zheng
Jianzhong Li
author_sort Chengyu Wang
collection DOAJ
description IntroductionThe color of rice leaves are important agronomic traits that directly influence the proportion of sunlight energy utilization and ultimately affect the yield and quality, so it is crucial to excavate the mechanism of regulating rice leave color. MethodsTo investigate the molecular mechanism that triggers the purple color in rice leaf, phenotypic characterization and genome-wide transcriptome analysis were conducted using the japonica rice cultivar nipponbare (Nip) and its two purple leaf mutants, nip-light purple leaf (nip-lpl) and nip-deep purple leaf (nip-dpl), are rice purple leaf mutants from Nip’s EMS mutant library.ResultsA total of 2247, 5484, 4525, 2103, 4375 and7029DEGs (differentially expressed genes) were identified in nip-a vs nip-lpl-a, nip-a vs nip-dpl-a, nip-c vs nip-dpl-c, nip-c vs nip-lpl-c, nip-lpl-c vs nip-dpl-c, nip-lpl-a vs nip-dpl-a, respectively. KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) analysis showed that the DEGs were significantly enriched in phenylalanine biosynthesis, terpenoid backbone biosynthesis, secondary metabolite biosynthesis, and hormones. Additionally, WGCNA (Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis) showed that the darkmagenta module was associated with the purple color mainly due to the accumulation of anthocyanin in the leaves of the mutant rice. This module revealed three pathways for anthocyanin synthesis: phenylalanine could be catalyzed by phenylalanine lyase and cinnamic acid hydroxylase, etc., to generate dihydroxyflavone and ultimately anthocyanin. Furthermore, we speculated that the elevated expression of three hub genes (PAL, CHI and CHS) in nip-lpl/dpl leads to increased anthocyanin content relative to Nip.DiscussionThese results not only revealed the molecular mechanism triggering leaf purple color in the rice mutants nip-lpl/dpl but also contributed greatly to identified potential genetic engineering targets for breeding anthocyanin-rich rice.
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spelling doaj-art-26550012b7c44e79a098bc702cfa3b9c2025-08-20T03:05:53ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Plant Science1664-462X2025-05-011610.3389/fpls.2025.15844231584423Genome-wide transcriptome analysis reveal the molecular mechanism for triggering the formation of purple leaves in rice mutants nip-lpl and nip-dplChengyu Wang0Hongyu Zhao1Yujie Zhou2Haipeng Zhang3Xinyu Chen4Weifang Liang5Han Zheng6Fan Hou7Junjie Zhang8Liujie Xie9Mingwei Zhao10Bingsong Zheng11Jianzhong Li12College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, ChinaCollege of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, ChinaZhuji Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Zhuji, ChinaCollege of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, ChinaCollege of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, ChinaCollege of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, ChinaCollege of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, ChinaWuwangnong Seed shareholding Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, ChinaGuangzhou Gene Denovo Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Guanzhou, ChinaTaizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taizhou, ChinaCollege of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, ChinaNational Key Laboratory for Development and Utilization of Forest Food Resources, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, ChinaQujiang District Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Quzhou, ChinaIntroductionThe color of rice leaves are important agronomic traits that directly influence the proportion of sunlight energy utilization and ultimately affect the yield and quality, so it is crucial to excavate the mechanism of regulating rice leave color. MethodsTo investigate the molecular mechanism that triggers the purple color in rice leaf, phenotypic characterization and genome-wide transcriptome analysis were conducted using the japonica rice cultivar nipponbare (Nip) and its two purple leaf mutants, nip-light purple leaf (nip-lpl) and nip-deep purple leaf (nip-dpl), are rice purple leaf mutants from Nip’s EMS mutant library.ResultsA total of 2247, 5484, 4525, 2103, 4375 and7029DEGs (differentially expressed genes) were identified in nip-a vs nip-lpl-a, nip-a vs nip-dpl-a, nip-c vs nip-dpl-c, nip-c vs nip-lpl-c, nip-lpl-c vs nip-dpl-c, nip-lpl-a vs nip-dpl-a, respectively. KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) analysis showed that the DEGs were significantly enriched in phenylalanine biosynthesis, terpenoid backbone biosynthesis, secondary metabolite biosynthesis, and hormones. Additionally, WGCNA (Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis) showed that the darkmagenta module was associated with the purple color mainly due to the accumulation of anthocyanin in the leaves of the mutant rice. This module revealed three pathways for anthocyanin synthesis: phenylalanine could be catalyzed by phenylalanine lyase and cinnamic acid hydroxylase, etc., to generate dihydroxyflavone and ultimately anthocyanin. Furthermore, we speculated that the elevated expression of three hub genes (PAL, CHI and CHS) in nip-lpl/dpl leads to increased anthocyanin content relative to Nip.DiscussionThese results not only revealed the molecular mechanism triggering leaf purple color in the rice mutants nip-lpl/dpl but also contributed greatly to identified potential genetic engineering targets for breeding anthocyanin-rich rice.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2025.1584423/fulltranscriptomeWGCNApurple leaf mutationanthocyaninsecondary metabolism
spellingShingle Chengyu Wang
Hongyu Zhao
Yujie Zhou
Haipeng Zhang
Xinyu Chen
Weifang Liang
Han Zheng
Fan Hou
Junjie Zhang
Liujie Xie
Mingwei Zhao
Bingsong Zheng
Jianzhong Li
Genome-wide transcriptome analysis reveal the molecular mechanism for triggering the formation of purple leaves in rice mutants nip-lpl and nip-dpl
Frontiers in Plant Science
transcriptome
WGCNA
purple leaf mutation
anthocyanin
secondary metabolism
title Genome-wide transcriptome analysis reveal the molecular mechanism for triggering the formation of purple leaves in rice mutants nip-lpl and nip-dpl
title_full Genome-wide transcriptome analysis reveal the molecular mechanism for triggering the formation of purple leaves in rice mutants nip-lpl and nip-dpl
title_fullStr Genome-wide transcriptome analysis reveal the molecular mechanism for triggering the formation of purple leaves in rice mutants nip-lpl and nip-dpl
title_full_unstemmed Genome-wide transcriptome analysis reveal the molecular mechanism for triggering the formation of purple leaves in rice mutants nip-lpl and nip-dpl
title_short Genome-wide transcriptome analysis reveal the molecular mechanism for triggering the formation of purple leaves in rice mutants nip-lpl and nip-dpl
title_sort genome wide transcriptome analysis reveal the molecular mechanism for triggering the formation of purple leaves in rice mutants nip lpl and nip dpl
topic transcriptome
WGCNA
purple leaf mutation
anthocyanin
secondary metabolism
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2025.1584423/full
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