Radix Astragali and Its Representative Extracts for Diabetic Nephropathy: Efficacy and Molecular Mechanism

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a common microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus (DM). Radix Astragali (RA), a frequently used Chinese herbal medicine in the Leguminosae family, Astragalus genus, with its extracts, has been proven to be effective in DN treatment both in clinical practice and ex...

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Main Authors: Hui-zhong Xue, Yu Chen, Shi-dong Wang, Yi-meng Yang, Lu-qi Cai, Jin-xi Zhao, Wei-jun Huang, Yong-hua Xiao
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2024-01-01
Series:Journal of Diabetes Research
Online Access:http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2024/5216113
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author Hui-zhong Xue
Yu Chen
Shi-dong Wang
Yi-meng Yang
Lu-qi Cai
Jin-xi Zhao
Wei-jun Huang
Yong-hua Xiao
author_facet Hui-zhong Xue
Yu Chen
Shi-dong Wang
Yi-meng Yang
Lu-qi Cai
Jin-xi Zhao
Wei-jun Huang
Yong-hua Xiao
author_sort Hui-zhong Xue
collection DOAJ
description Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a common microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus (DM). Radix Astragali (RA), a frequently used Chinese herbal medicine in the Leguminosae family, Astragalus genus, with its extracts, has been proven to be effective in DN treatment both in clinical practice and experimental studies. RA and its extracts can reduce proteinuria and improve renal function. They can improve histopathology changes including thickening of the glomerular basement membrane, mesangial cell proliferation, and injury of endothelial cells, podocytes, and renal tubule cells. The mechanisms mainly benefited from antioxidative stress which involves Nrf2/ARE signaling and the PPARγ-Klotho-FoxO1 axis; antiendoplasmic reticulum stress which involves PERK-ATF4-CHOP, PERK/eIF2α, and IRE1/XBP1 pathways; regulating autophagy which involves SIRT1/NF-κB signaling and AMPK signaling; anti-inflammation which involves IL33/ST2 and NF-κB signaling; and antifibrosis which involves TGF-β1/Smads, MAPK (ERK), p38/MAPK, JNK/MAPK, Wnt/β-catenin, and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathways. This review focuses on the clinical efficacy and the pharmacological mechanism of RA and its representative extracts on DN, and we further document the traditional uses of RA and probe into the TCM theoretical basis for its application in DN.
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institution Kabale University
issn 2314-6753
language English
publishDate 2024-01-01
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record_format Article
series Journal of Diabetes Research
spelling doaj-art-26540c080fe942ceb2d338ca8a5685bb2025-08-20T03:54:51ZengWileyJournal of Diabetes Research2314-67532024-01-01202410.1155/2024/5216113Radix Astragali and Its Representative Extracts for Diabetic Nephropathy: Efficacy and Molecular MechanismHui-zhong Xue0Yu Chen1Shi-dong Wang2Yi-meng Yang3Lu-qi Cai4Jin-xi Zhao5Wei-jun Huang6Yong-hua Xiao7The First Clinical Medical SchoolKey Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and BeijingSection II of Endocrinology & Nephropathy DepartmentThe First Clinical Medical SchoolThe First Clinical Medical SchoolSection II of Endocrinology & Nephropathy DepartmentKey Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of Ministry of Education and BeijingSection II of Endocrinology & Nephropathy DepartmentDiabetic nephropathy (DN) is a common microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus (DM). Radix Astragali (RA), a frequently used Chinese herbal medicine in the Leguminosae family, Astragalus genus, with its extracts, has been proven to be effective in DN treatment both in clinical practice and experimental studies. RA and its extracts can reduce proteinuria and improve renal function. They can improve histopathology changes including thickening of the glomerular basement membrane, mesangial cell proliferation, and injury of endothelial cells, podocytes, and renal tubule cells. The mechanisms mainly benefited from antioxidative stress which involves Nrf2/ARE signaling and the PPARγ-Klotho-FoxO1 axis; antiendoplasmic reticulum stress which involves PERK-ATF4-CHOP, PERK/eIF2α, and IRE1/XBP1 pathways; regulating autophagy which involves SIRT1/NF-κB signaling and AMPK signaling; anti-inflammation which involves IL33/ST2 and NF-κB signaling; and antifibrosis which involves TGF-β1/Smads, MAPK (ERK), p38/MAPK, JNK/MAPK, Wnt/β-catenin, and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathways. This review focuses on the clinical efficacy and the pharmacological mechanism of RA and its representative extracts on DN, and we further document the traditional uses of RA and probe into the TCM theoretical basis for its application in DN.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2024/5216113
spellingShingle Hui-zhong Xue
Yu Chen
Shi-dong Wang
Yi-meng Yang
Lu-qi Cai
Jin-xi Zhao
Wei-jun Huang
Yong-hua Xiao
Radix Astragali and Its Representative Extracts for Diabetic Nephropathy: Efficacy and Molecular Mechanism
Journal of Diabetes Research
title Radix Astragali and Its Representative Extracts for Diabetic Nephropathy: Efficacy and Molecular Mechanism
title_full Radix Astragali and Its Representative Extracts for Diabetic Nephropathy: Efficacy and Molecular Mechanism
title_fullStr Radix Astragali and Its Representative Extracts for Diabetic Nephropathy: Efficacy and Molecular Mechanism
title_full_unstemmed Radix Astragali and Its Representative Extracts for Diabetic Nephropathy: Efficacy and Molecular Mechanism
title_short Radix Astragali and Its Representative Extracts for Diabetic Nephropathy: Efficacy and Molecular Mechanism
title_sort radix astragali and its representative extracts for diabetic nephropathy efficacy and molecular mechanism
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2024/5216113
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