Comparative Study of Discretization Methods for Non-Ideal Proportional-Resonant Controllers in Voltage Regulation of Three-Phase Four-Wire Converters with Vehicle-to-Home Mode

Vehicle-to-home (V2H) technology enables electric vehicles (EVs) to supply power to residential loads, offering enhanced energy self-sufficiency and backup capabilities. Accurate voltage regulation is essential in such systems, especially under nonlinear and time-varying load conditions. The control...

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Main Author: Anh Tan Nguyen
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:World Electric Vehicle Journal
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2032-6653/16/6/335
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author Anh Tan Nguyen
author_facet Anh Tan Nguyen
author_sort Anh Tan Nguyen
collection DOAJ
description Vehicle-to-home (V2H) technology enables electric vehicles (EVs) to supply power to residential loads, offering enhanced energy self-sufficiency and backup capabilities. Accurate voltage regulation is essential in such systems, especially under nonlinear and time-varying load conditions. The control method for three-phase four-wire (3P4W) converters plays a vital role in addressing these challenges. In the control configuration of such systems, the non-ideal proportional-resonant (PR) controller stands out due to its ability to reject periodic disturbances. However, the comprehensive study on the discretization of this controller for digital implementation in 3P4W systems has not been available in the literature to date. This paper presents a comparative study of several discretization methods for non-ideal PR controllers. The continuous-time complete transfer function of the integral term of non-ideal PR controllers is discretized using techniques such as Forward Euler, Backward Euler, Tustin, Zero-Order Hold, and Impulse Invariance. Additionally, the discretization methods based on two discrete integrators for the non-ideal PR controller, such as Forward Euler and Backward Euler, Backward Euler and Backward Euler plus computational delay, and Tustin and Tustin, are also evaluated. In the MATLAB/Simulink platform, through evaluating the performance of the non-ideal PR controllers, which are discretized using the above discretization methods, in controlling the output voltage of the 3P4W converter in the V2H application under nonlinear load scenarios, including substantial and sudden changes in load, the discretization method Backward Euler and Backward Euler plus delay is recommended.
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spelling doaj-art-26513632d44049c0b1ef04fa9201c6882025-08-20T02:21:49ZengMDPI AGWorld Electric Vehicle Journal2032-66532025-06-0116633510.3390/wevj16060335Comparative Study of Discretization Methods for Non-Ideal Proportional-Resonant Controllers in Voltage Regulation of Three-Phase Four-Wire Converters with Vehicle-to-Home ModeAnh Tan Nguyen0School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, Hanoi 10000, VietnamVehicle-to-home (V2H) technology enables electric vehicles (EVs) to supply power to residential loads, offering enhanced energy self-sufficiency and backup capabilities. Accurate voltage regulation is essential in such systems, especially under nonlinear and time-varying load conditions. The control method for three-phase four-wire (3P4W) converters plays a vital role in addressing these challenges. In the control configuration of such systems, the non-ideal proportional-resonant (PR) controller stands out due to its ability to reject periodic disturbances. However, the comprehensive study on the discretization of this controller for digital implementation in 3P4W systems has not been available in the literature to date. This paper presents a comparative study of several discretization methods for non-ideal PR controllers. The continuous-time complete transfer function of the integral term of non-ideal PR controllers is discretized using techniques such as Forward Euler, Backward Euler, Tustin, Zero-Order Hold, and Impulse Invariance. Additionally, the discretization methods based on two discrete integrators for the non-ideal PR controller, such as Forward Euler and Backward Euler, Backward Euler and Backward Euler plus computational delay, and Tustin and Tustin, are also evaluated. In the MATLAB/Simulink platform, through evaluating the performance of the non-ideal PR controllers, which are discretized using the above discretization methods, in controlling the output voltage of the 3P4W converter in the V2H application under nonlinear load scenarios, including substantial and sudden changes in load, the discretization method Backward Euler and Backward Euler plus delay is recommended.https://www.mdpi.com/2032-6653/16/6/335discretization methodnon-ideal PR controllertwo discrete integratorsvehicle-to-homeZ-transform
spellingShingle Anh Tan Nguyen
Comparative Study of Discretization Methods for Non-Ideal Proportional-Resonant Controllers in Voltage Regulation of Three-Phase Four-Wire Converters with Vehicle-to-Home Mode
World Electric Vehicle Journal
discretization method
non-ideal PR controller
two discrete integrators
vehicle-to-home
Z-transform
title Comparative Study of Discretization Methods for Non-Ideal Proportional-Resonant Controllers in Voltage Regulation of Three-Phase Four-Wire Converters with Vehicle-to-Home Mode
title_full Comparative Study of Discretization Methods for Non-Ideal Proportional-Resonant Controllers in Voltage Regulation of Three-Phase Four-Wire Converters with Vehicle-to-Home Mode
title_fullStr Comparative Study of Discretization Methods for Non-Ideal Proportional-Resonant Controllers in Voltage Regulation of Three-Phase Four-Wire Converters with Vehicle-to-Home Mode
title_full_unstemmed Comparative Study of Discretization Methods for Non-Ideal Proportional-Resonant Controllers in Voltage Regulation of Three-Phase Four-Wire Converters with Vehicle-to-Home Mode
title_short Comparative Study of Discretization Methods for Non-Ideal Proportional-Resonant Controllers in Voltage Regulation of Three-Phase Four-Wire Converters with Vehicle-to-Home Mode
title_sort comparative study of discretization methods for non ideal proportional resonant controllers in voltage regulation of three phase four wire converters with vehicle to home mode
topic discretization method
non-ideal PR controller
two discrete integrators
vehicle-to-home
Z-transform
url https://www.mdpi.com/2032-6653/16/6/335
work_keys_str_mv AT anhtannguyen comparativestudyofdiscretizationmethodsfornonidealproportionalresonantcontrollersinvoltageregulationofthreephasefourwireconverterswithvehicletohomemode