Psychological well-being, gender, and age-specific difference on objectively recorded smartphone screen time in Japanese adults: A regression and clustering analysis
Background: Smartphones have become an integral part of our daily lives. Although many scales can assess smartphone usage, they rely on respondents' subjective self-reports and suffer from considerable cognitive bias. Therefore, quantitative measurement of smartphone's recorded screen time...
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Elsevier
2025-03-01
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| Series: | Computers in Human Behavior Reports |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2451958825000272 |
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| author | Ryusei Nishi Kenichiro Sagiyama Hajime Suzuki Marie Amitani Haruka Amitani Akihiro Asakawa |
| author_facet | Ryusei Nishi Kenichiro Sagiyama Hajime Suzuki Marie Amitani Haruka Amitani Akihiro Asakawa |
| author_sort | Ryusei Nishi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Smartphones have become an integral part of our daily lives. Although many scales can assess smartphone usage, they rely on respondents' subjective self-reports and suffer from considerable cognitive bias. Therefore, quantitative measurement of smartphone's recorded screen time is an effective way to assess smartphone usage. Objective: This study assesses the effects of age, gender, and subjective psychological factors (depression, social anxiety, sleep quality, stress perseverance, and loneliness) on smartphone usage. Based on previous research, we hypothesized that there would be (1) gender-, (2) age-, and (3) psychological state-specific differences in smartphone usage. Methods: We conducted psychological tests, obtained participants’ weekly screen times, and performed ordinary least squares (OLS) regression and k-means clustering. Results: Twenty-four female participants and 25 male participants were analyzed. Only the subjective loneliness indicated statistical significance between genders. OLS regression analysis indicated that among females, age showed a negative coefficient (age, −76.5), and both the social anxiety (LSAS-J, 20.0) and loneliness (UCLA-LS, −44.5) had significant coefficients. In contrast, among males, age had no significant coefficients, and only the depression (BDI-III, 77.7) showed a significant positive relationship. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that smartphone users' motivations and practicalities differ by gender and age group. To support these findings, further studies with larger sample sizes and more variables should be conducted. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-26414eb3dd36440cbf4003769244c655 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2451-9588 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Computers in Human Behavior Reports |
| spelling | doaj-art-26414eb3dd36440cbf4003769244c6552025-02-12T05:31:29ZengElsevierComputers in Human Behavior Reports2451-95882025-03-0117100612Psychological well-being, gender, and age-specific difference on objectively recorded smartphone screen time in Japanese adults: A regression and clustering analysisRyusei Nishi0Kenichiro Sagiyama1Hajime Suzuki2Marie Amitani3Haruka Amitani4Akihiro Asakawa5Department of Psychosomatic Internal Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8520, JapanDepartment of Psychosomatic Internal Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8520, JapanDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8520, JapanDepartment of Community-Based Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8520, JapanDepartment of Psychosomatic Internal Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8520, JapanDepartment of Psychosomatic Internal Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan; Corresponding author. 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan.Background: Smartphones have become an integral part of our daily lives. Although many scales can assess smartphone usage, they rely on respondents' subjective self-reports and suffer from considerable cognitive bias. Therefore, quantitative measurement of smartphone's recorded screen time is an effective way to assess smartphone usage. Objective: This study assesses the effects of age, gender, and subjective psychological factors (depression, social anxiety, sleep quality, stress perseverance, and loneliness) on smartphone usage. Based on previous research, we hypothesized that there would be (1) gender-, (2) age-, and (3) psychological state-specific differences in smartphone usage. Methods: We conducted psychological tests, obtained participants’ weekly screen times, and performed ordinary least squares (OLS) regression and k-means clustering. Results: Twenty-four female participants and 25 male participants were analyzed. Only the subjective loneliness indicated statistical significance between genders. OLS regression analysis indicated that among females, age showed a negative coefficient (age, −76.5), and both the social anxiety (LSAS-J, 20.0) and loneliness (UCLA-LS, −44.5) had significant coefficients. In contrast, among males, age had no significant coefficients, and only the depression (BDI-III, 77.7) showed a significant positive relationship. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that smartphone users' motivations and practicalities differ by gender and age group. To support these findings, further studies with larger sample sizes and more variables should be conducted.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2451958825000272Screen timeRegression analysisClustering analysisLonelinessAging |
| spellingShingle | Ryusei Nishi Kenichiro Sagiyama Hajime Suzuki Marie Amitani Haruka Amitani Akihiro Asakawa Psychological well-being, gender, and age-specific difference on objectively recorded smartphone screen time in Japanese adults: A regression and clustering analysis Computers in Human Behavior Reports Screen time Regression analysis Clustering analysis Loneliness Aging |
| title | Psychological well-being, gender, and age-specific difference on objectively recorded smartphone screen time in Japanese adults: A regression and clustering analysis |
| title_full | Psychological well-being, gender, and age-specific difference on objectively recorded smartphone screen time in Japanese adults: A regression and clustering analysis |
| title_fullStr | Psychological well-being, gender, and age-specific difference on objectively recorded smartphone screen time in Japanese adults: A regression and clustering analysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Psychological well-being, gender, and age-specific difference on objectively recorded smartphone screen time in Japanese adults: A regression and clustering analysis |
| title_short | Psychological well-being, gender, and age-specific difference on objectively recorded smartphone screen time in Japanese adults: A regression and clustering analysis |
| title_sort | psychological well being gender and age specific difference on objectively recorded smartphone screen time in japanese adults a regression and clustering analysis |
| topic | Screen time Regression analysis Clustering analysis Loneliness Aging |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2451958825000272 |
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