Ionic liquid catalysis in synthesizing pyrazoles and triazoles: Advancing efficiency and sustainability
Ionic liquids (ILs), also known as designer solvents, have emerged as highly significant in various areas of chemistry due to their unique properties, including low volatility, high thermal stability, and excellent solubility for a wide range of substances. These characteristics make ILs exceptional...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2025-12-01
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| Series: | Journal of Ionic Liquids |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772422025000357 |
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| author | Minakshi Minakshi Vaishali Vaishali Nisha Sharma Rashmi Pundeer |
| author_facet | Minakshi Minakshi Vaishali Vaishali Nisha Sharma Rashmi Pundeer |
| author_sort | Minakshi Minakshi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Ionic liquids (ILs), also known as designer solvents, have emerged as highly significant in various areas of chemistry due to their unique properties, including low volatility, high thermal stability, and excellent solubility for a wide range of substances. These characteristics make ILs exceptional solvents and catalysts in organic synthesis, enhancing reaction rates, yields, and selectivity. This review focuses on the synthesis of pyrazoles and triazoles using ILs as catalysts, highlighting their advantages over traditional methods. ILs' ability to stabilize reactive intermediates, customize solvent properties, and operate under milder conditions contributes to greener and more sustainable chemical processes. We explore recent advancements in the synthesis of pyrazoles and triazoles, emphasizing the role of various IL types—ranging from neutral and acidic to basic and functionalized ILs—in improving reaction efficiency and environmental impact. Additionally, we discuss the broader applications of ILs in organic reactions, biological processes, and environmental protection. The review concludes with an overview of the current state of IL-catalyzed synthesis, demonstrating the benefits of ILs in facilitating efficient, safe, and sustainable chemical transformations. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-263dcdd09ee740adad89c18cf1203e11 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2772-4220 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-12-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Ionic Liquids |
| spelling | doaj-art-263dcdd09ee740adad89c18cf1203e112025-08-20T03:16:10ZengElsevierJournal of Ionic Liquids2772-42202025-12-015210016610.1016/j.jil.2025.100166Ionic liquid catalysis in synthesizing pyrazoles and triazoles: Advancing efficiency and sustainabilityMinakshi Minakshi0Vaishali Vaishali1Nisha Sharma2Rashmi Pundeer3Department of Chemistry, Indira Gandhi University, Meerpur, Rewari 122505, Haryana, IndiaDepartment of Chemistry, Indira Gandhi University, Meerpur, Rewari 122505, Haryana, IndiaDepartment of Chemistry, Baba Balak Nath College Chakmoh, Hamirpur 176039, Himachal Pradesh, India; Corresponding authors.Department of Chemistry, Indira Gandhi University, Meerpur, Rewari 122505, Haryana, India; Corresponding authors.Ionic liquids (ILs), also known as designer solvents, have emerged as highly significant in various areas of chemistry due to their unique properties, including low volatility, high thermal stability, and excellent solubility for a wide range of substances. These characteristics make ILs exceptional solvents and catalysts in organic synthesis, enhancing reaction rates, yields, and selectivity. This review focuses on the synthesis of pyrazoles and triazoles using ILs as catalysts, highlighting their advantages over traditional methods. ILs' ability to stabilize reactive intermediates, customize solvent properties, and operate under milder conditions contributes to greener and more sustainable chemical processes. We explore recent advancements in the synthesis of pyrazoles and triazoles, emphasizing the role of various IL types—ranging from neutral and acidic to basic and functionalized ILs—in improving reaction efficiency and environmental impact. Additionally, we discuss the broader applications of ILs in organic reactions, biological processes, and environmental protection. The review concludes with an overview of the current state of IL-catalyzed synthesis, demonstrating the benefits of ILs in facilitating efficient, safe, and sustainable chemical transformations.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772422025000357Ionic liquidsCatalystEnvironment protectionSynthesisTriazolePyrazoles |
| spellingShingle | Minakshi Minakshi Vaishali Vaishali Nisha Sharma Rashmi Pundeer Ionic liquid catalysis in synthesizing pyrazoles and triazoles: Advancing efficiency and sustainability Journal of Ionic Liquids Ionic liquids Catalyst Environment protection Synthesis Triazole Pyrazoles |
| title | Ionic liquid catalysis in synthesizing pyrazoles and triazoles: Advancing efficiency and sustainability |
| title_full | Ionic liquid catalysis in synthesizing pyrazoles and triazoles: Advancing efficiency and sustainability |
| title_fullStr | Ionic liquid catalysis in synthesizing pyrazoles and triazoles: Advancing efficiency and sustainability |
| title_full_unstemmed | Ionic liquid catalysis in synthesizing pyrazoles and triazoles: Advancing efficiency and sustainability |
| title_short | Ionic liquid catalysis in synthesizing pyrazoles and triazoles: Advancing efficiency and sustainability |
| title_sort | ionic liquid catalysis in synthesizing pyrazoles and triazoles advancing efficiency and sustainability |
| topic | Ionic liquids Catalyst Environment protection Synthesis Triazole Pyrazoles |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772422025000357 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT minakshiminakshi ionicliquidcatalysisinsynthesizingpyrazolesandtriazolesadvancingefficiencyandsustainability AT vaishalivaishali ionicliquidcatalysisinsynthesizingpyrazolesandtriazolesadvancingefficiencyandsustainability AT nishasharma ionicliquidcatalysisinsynthesizingpyrazolesandtriazolesadvancingefficiencyandsustainability AT rashmipundeer ionicliquidcatalysisinsynthesizingpyrazolesandtriazolesadvancingefficiencyandsustainability |