Enhancing Sustainable Last-Mile Delivery: The Impact of Electric Vehicles and AI Optimization on Urban Logistics

The rapid growth of e-commerce has intensified the need for efficient and sustainable last-mile delivery solutions in urban environments. This paper explores the integration of electric vehicles (EVs) and artificial intelligence (AI) into a combined framework to enhance the environmental, operationa...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Joao C. Ferreira, Marco Esperança
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-04-01
Series:World Electric Vehicle Journal
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2032-6653/16/5/242
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849327221761638400
author Joao C. Ferreira
Marco Esperança
author_facet Joao C. Ferreira
Marco Esperança
author_sort Joao C. Ferreira
collection DOAJ
description The rapid growth of e-commerce has intensified the need for efficient and sustainable last-mile delivery solutions in urban environments. This paper explores the integration of electric vehicles (EVs) and artificial intelligence (AI) into a combined framework to enhance the environmental, operational, and economic performance of urban logistics. Through a comprehensive literature review, we examine current trends, technological developments, and implementation challenges at the intersection of smart mobility, green logistics, and digital transformation. We propose an operational framework that leverages AI for route optimization, fleet coordination, and energy management in EV-based delivery networks. This framework is validated through a real-world case study conducted in Lisbon, Portugal, where a logistics provider implemented a city consolidation center model supported by AI-driven optimization tools. Using key performance indicators—including delivery time, energy consumption, fleet utilization, customer satisfaction, and CO₂ emissions—we measure the pre- and post-AI deployment impacts. The results demonstrate significant improvements across all metrics, including a 15–20% reduction in delivery time, a 10–25% gain in energy efficiency, and up to a 40% decrease in emissions. The findings confirm that the synergy between EVs and AI provides a robust and scalable model for achieving sustainable last-mile logistics, supporting broader urban mobility and climate objectives.
format Article
id doaj-art-2630d200f4d24457a4a491aa9b522d2d
institution Kabale University
issn 2032-6653
language English
publishDate 2025-04-01
publisher MDPI AG
record_format Article
series World Electric Vehicle Journal
spelling doaj-art-2630d200f4d24457a4a491aa9b522d2d2025-08-20T03:47:57ZengMDPI AGWorld Electric Vehicle Journal2032-66532025-04-0116524210.3390/wevj16050242Enhancing Sustainable Last-Mile Delivery: The Impact of Electric Vehicles and AI Optimization on Urban LogisticsJoao C. Ferreira0Marco Esperança1Faculty of Logistics, Molde University College, NO-6410 Molde, NorwayISTAR, Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL), 1649-026 Lisbon, PortugalThe rapid growth of e-commerce has intensified the need for efficient and sustainable last-mile delivery solutions in urban environments. This paper explores the integration of electric vehicles (EVs) and artificial intelligence (AI) into a combined framework to enhance the environmental, operational, and economic performance of urban logistics. Through a comprehensive literature review, we examine current trends, technological developments, and implementation challenges at the intersection of smart mobility, green logistics, and digital transformation. We propose an operational framework that leverages AI for route optimization, fleet coordination, and energy management in EV-based delivery networks. This framework is validated through a real-world case study conducted in Lisbon, Portugal, where a logistics provider implemented a city consolidation center model supported by AI-driven optimization tools. Using key performance indicators—including delivery time, energy consumption, fleet utilization, customer satisfaction, and CO₂ emissions—we measure the pre- and post-AI deployment impacts. The results demonstrate significant improvements across all metrics, including a 15–20% reduction in delivery time, a 10–25% gain in energy efficiency, and up to a 40% decrease in emissions. The findings confirm that the synergy between EVs and AI provides a robust and scalable model for achieving sustainable last-mile logistics, supporting broader urban mobility and climate objectives.https://www.mdpi.com/2032-6653/16/5/242sustainable last-mile deliveryelectric vehicles (EVs)urban logisticsartificial intelligence (AI)
spellingShingle Joao C. Ferreira
Marco Esperança
Enhancing Sustainable Last-Mile Delivery: The Impact of Electric Vehicles and AI Optimization on Urban Logistics
World Electric Vehicle Journal
sustainable last-mile delivery
electric vehicles (EVs)
urban logistics
artificial intelligence (AI)
title Enhancing Sustainable Last-Mile Delivery: The Impact of Electric Vehicles and AI Optimization on Urban Logistics
title_full Enhancing Sustainable Last-Mile Delivery: The Impact of Electric Vehicles and AI Optimization on Urban Logistics
title_fullStr Enhancing Sustainable Last-Mile Delivery: The Impact of Electric Vehicles and AI Optimization on Urban Logistics
title_full_unstemmed Enhancing Sustainable Last-Mile Delivery: The Impact of Electric Vehicles and AI Optimization on Urban Logistics
title_short Enhancing Sustainable Last-Mile Delivery: The Impact of Electric Vehicles and AI Optimization on Urban Logistics
title_sort enhancing sustainable last mile delivery the impact of electric vehicles and ai optimization on urban logistics
topic sustainable last-mile delivery
electric vehicles (EVs)
urban logistics
artificial intelligence (AI)
url https://www.mdpi.com/2032-6653/16/5/242
work_keys_str_mv AT joaocferreira enhancingsustainablelastmiledeliverytheimpactofelectricvehiclesandaioptimizationonurbanlogistics
AT marcoesperanca enhancingsustainablelastmiledeliverytheimpactofelectricvehiclesandaioptimizationonurbanlogistics